Back Erromintxela AST Caló basc Catalan Erromintxela German Erromintxela Spanish Erromintxel Basque Erromintxela French Erromintxela Galician Erromintxela jezik Croatian Էրոմինչելա Armenian Bahasa Erromintxela ID
| Erromintxela | |
|---|---|
| Erromintxela | |
| Native to | Spain, France |
| Region | Basque Country |
Native speakers | (500–1,000 cited 1997)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | emx |
| Glottolog | erro1240 |
Erromintxela (Basque pronunciation: [eromintʃela] ) is the distinctive language of a group of Romani living in the Basque Country, who also go by the name Erromintxela. It is sometimes called Basque Caló[2] or Errumantxela[3] in English; caló vasco, romaní vasco, or errominchela in Spanish; and euskado-rromani[4] or euskado-romani[5] in French. Although detailed accounts of the language date to the end of the 19th century, linguistic research began only in the 1990s.
The Erromintxela are the descendants of a 15th-century wave of Kalderash Roma, who entered the Basque Country via France.[6] Both ethnically and linguistically, they are distinct from the Caló-speaking Romani people in Spain and the Cascarot Romani people of the Northern Basque Country. Erromintxela is a mixed language (referred to as Para-Romani in Romani linguistics[3]), deriving most of its vocabulary from Kalderash Romani but using Basque grammar, similar to the way the Angloromani language of the Roma in England mixes Romani vocabulary and English grammar. The development of the mixed language was facilitated by the unusually deep integration of the Erromintxela people into Basque society and the resultant bilingualism in Basque. The language is in decline; most of the perhaps 1000 remaining speakers live on the coast of Labourd and in the mountainous regions of Soule, Navarre, Gipuzkoa and Biscay.[7]
- ^ Argüello, Xabier Ijito euskaldunen arrastoan El País (2008)
- ^ Ethnologue Languages of Spain Retrieved 3 July 2009.
- ^ a b Matras, Y. A Linguistic Introduction Cambridge University Press (2002) ISBN 0-521-63165-3
- ^ Langues d'Europe et de la Méditerranée (LEM) La langue rromani en Europe Retrieved 3 July 2009.
- ^ Lougarot, Nicole Bohémiens Gatuzain Argitaletxea: 2009 ISBN 2-913842-50-X
- ^ Brea, Unai Hiretzat goli kherautzen dinat, erromeetako gazi mindroa Argia, San Sebastián (03-2008)
- ^ Agirrezabal, Lore Erromintxela, euskal ijitoen hizkera Argia, San Sebastián (09-2003)
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