Euthanasia for mental illness

Euthanasia for mental illness involves a physician intentionally ending the life of a patient who has requested euthanasia due to a psychiatric condition. The practice is legal in Belgium,^[1] the Netherlands,^[2] Luxembourg,^[3] Spain^[4] and Colombia.^[5] In Canada, legislation authorizing the procedure was passed, but has since been repeatedly postponed.^[6]

The practice is considered controversial as unlike with other types of euthanasia, a patient euthanized for mental illness alone is usually not terminally ill, and may have their decisional capacity impeded by their condition.^[7]^[8]^[9] It is also considered more difficult with psychological conditions to determine an objective prognosis, or whether a disorder is irremediable.^[10]^[11]

^ De Hert, Marc; Loos, Sien; Van Assche, Kristof (2023). "The Belgian euthanasia law under scrutiny of the highest courts". The Lancet Regional Health - Europe. 24. Elsevier BV: 100549. doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100549. hdl:10067/1925430151162165141. ISSN 2666-7762.
^ van Veen, SMP; Widdershoven, GAM; Beekman, ATF; Evans, N. (2022-06-20). "Physician Assisted Death for Psychiatric Suffering: Experiences in the Netherlands". Frontiers in Psychiatry. 13. Frontiers Media SA. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.895387. ISSN 1664-0640. PMC 9251055. PMID 35795029.
^ "Information on requesting euthanasia or assisted suicide". Guichet.lu. 2023-12-08. Retrieved 2024-04-21.
^ Ramos-Pozón, Sergio; Terribas-Sala, Núria; Falcó-Pegueroles, Anna; Román-Maestre, Begoña (2023). "Persons with mental disorders and assisted dying practices in Spain: An overview". International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. 87. Elsevier BV. doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2023.101871. hdl:2445/195880. ISSN 0160-2527. PMID 36871498.
^ Kuntz, Leah (2022-01-10). "First Colombian With Nonterminal Illness Legally Dies via Euthanasia". Psychiatric Times. Retrieved 2024-04-21.
^ McCulloch, Craig (2024-02-09). "Canada Postpones Plan to Allow Euthanasia for Mentally Ill". Voice of America. Retrieved 2024-04-21.
^ Yasgur, Batya Swift (2023-08-03). "Clinicians Talking: Euthanasia for SMI -- Right or Wrong?". Medscape. Retrieved 2024-04-21.
^ Olié, Emilie; Courtet, Philippe (2016-08-09). "The Controversial Issue of Euthanasia in Patients With Psychiatric Illness". JAMA. 316 (6). American Medical Association (AMA): 656–657. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.9883. ISSN 0098-7484. PMID 27532920.
^ Lane, Charles (2016-10-19). "Europe's morality crisis: Euthanizing the mentally ill". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2016-12-02. Retrieved 2024-04-21.
^ Nicolini, Marie E.; Jardas, EJ; Zarate, Carlos A.; Gastmans, Chris; Kim, Scott Y. H. (2022-10-28). "Irremediability in psychiatric euthanasia: examining the objective standard". Psychological Medicine. 53 (12). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 5729–5747. doi:10.1017/s0033291722002951. ISSN 0033-2917. PMC 10482705. PMID 36305567.
^ Grassi, Luigi; Folesani, Federica; Marella, Marco; Tiberto, Elisa; Riba, Michelle B.; Bortolotti, Lisa; Toffanin, Tommaso; Palagini, Laura; Belvederi Murri, Martino; Biancosino, Bruno; Ferrara, Maria; Caruso, Rosangela (2022). "Debating Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Death in People with Psychiatric Disorders". Current Psychiatry Reports. 24 (6). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 325–335. doi:10.1007/s11920-022-01339-y. hdl:11392/2493393. ISSN 1523-3812. PMC 9203391. PMID 35678920.

[De_Hert_Loos_Van_Assche_2023_p._100549-1] De Hert, Marc; Loos, Sien; Van Assche, Kristof (2023). "The Belgian euthanasia law under scrutiny of the highest courts". The Lancet Regional Health - Europe. 24. Elsevier BV: 100549. doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100549. hdl:10067/1925430151162165141. ISSN 2666-7762.

[van_Veen_Widdershoven_Beekman_Evans_2022_p.-2] van Veen, SMP; Widdershoven, GAM; Beekman, ATF; Evans, N. (2022-06-20). "Physician Assisted Death for Psychiatric Suffering: Experiences in the Netherlands". Frontiers in Psychiatry. 13. Frontiers Media SA. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.895387. ISSN 1664-0640. PMC 9251055. PMID 35795029.

[Guichet.lu_2023-3] "Information on requesting euthanasia or assisted suicide". Guichet.lu. 2023-12-08. Retrieved 2024-04-21.

[Ramos-Pozón_Terribas-Sala_Falcó-Pegueroles_Román-Maestre_2023_p.-4] Ramos-Pozón, Sergio; Terribas-Sala, Núria; Falcó-Pegueroles, Anna; Román-Maestre, Begoña (2023). "Persons with mental disorders and assisted dying practices in Spain: An overview". International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. 87. Elsevier BV. doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2023.101871. hdl:2445/195880. ISSN 0160-2527. PMID 36871498.

[Kuntz_2022-5] Kuntz, Leah (2022-01-10). "First Colombian With Nonterminal Illness Legally Dies via Euthanasia". Psychiatric Times. Retrieved 2024-04-21.

[McCulloch_2024-6] McCulloch, Craig (2024-02-09). "Canada Postpones Plan to Allow Euthanasia for Mentally Ill". Voice of America. Retrieved 2024-04-21.

[Yasgur_2023-7] Yasgur, Batya Swift (2023-08-03). "Clinicians Talking: Euthanasia for SMI -- Right or Wrong?". Medscape. Retrieved 2024-04-21.

[Olié_Courtet_2016_p._656-8] Olié, Emilie; Courtet, Philippe (2016-08-09). "The Controversial Issue of Euthanasia in Patients With Psychiatric Illness". JAMA. 316 (6). American Medical Association (AMA): 656–657. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.9883. ISSN 0098-7484. PMID 27532920.

[Lane_2016-9] Lane, Charles (2016-10-19). "Europe's morality crisis: Euthanizing the mentally ill". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2016-12-02. Retrieved 2024-04-21.

[Nicolini_Jardas_Zarate_Gastmans_2022_pp._5729–5747-10] Nicolini, Marie E.; Jardas, EJ; Zarate, Carlos A.; Gastmans, Chris; Kim, Scott Y. H. (2022-10-28). "Irremediability in psychiatric euthanasia: examining the objective standard". Psychological Medicine. 53 (12). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 5729–5747. doi:10.1017/s0033291722002951. ISSN 0033-2917. PMC 10482705. PMID 36305567.

[Grassi_Folesani_Marella_Tiberto_2022_pp._325–335-11] Grassi, Luigi; Folesani, Federica; Marella, Marco; Tiberto, Elisa; Riba, Michelle B.; Bortolotti, Lisa; Toffanin, Tommaso; Palagini, Laura; Belvederi Murri, Martino; Biancosino, Bruno; Ferrara, Maria; Caruso, Rosangela (2022). "Debating Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Death in People with Psychiatric Disorders". Current Psychiatry Reports. 24 (6). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 325–335. doi:10.1007/s11920-022-01339-y. hdl:11392/2493393. ISSN 1523-3812. PMC 9203391. PMID 35678920.

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