Everglades virus

Everglades virus
	CryoEM reconstruction of the Everglades Virus. EMDB entry EMD-5563
Virus classification
(unranked):	Virus
Realm:	Riboviria
Kingdom:	Orthornavirae
Phylum:	Kitrinoviricota
Class:	Alsuviricetes
Order:	Martellivirales
Family:	Togaviridae
Genus:	Alphavirus
Species:	Everglades virus

Everglades virus (EVEV) is an alphavirus included in the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus complex. The virus circulates among rodents and vector mosquitoes and sometimes infects humans, causing a febrile illness with occasional neurological manifestations.^[2]^[3] Although it is said to be rare in humans it is still debated if this is the case because of the possibility of underdiagnosing as well as being a unrecognized cause of other illnesses.^[4] The virus is named after the Everglades, a region of subtropical wetlands in southern Florida. The virus is endemic to the U.S. state of Florida, where its geographic range mirrors that of the mosquito species Culex cedecei.^[2] Hispid cotton rat and cotton mouse are considered important reservoir hosts of Everglades virus. Most clinical cases of infection occur in and around the city of Miami.^[3] The abundance in clinical cases in certain parts of Florida comes from many factors such as population density and proximity to the hosts and their ecosystem.^[5]

^ Sherman, M. B.; Trujillo, J.; Leahy, I.; Razmus, D.; Dehate, R.; Lorcheim, P.; Czarneski, M. A.; Zimmerman, D.; Newton, J. T. A. M.; Haddow, A. D.; Weaver, S. C. (2013). "Construction and organization of a BSL-3 cryo-electron microscopy laboratory at UTMB". Journal of Structural Biology. 181 (3): 223–233. doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2012.12.007. PMC 3593667. PMID 23274136.
^ ^a ^b Coffey, L.; Crawford, C.; Dee, J.; Miller, R.; Freier, J.; Weaver, S. (2006). "Serologic Evidence of Widespread Everglades Virus Activity in Dogs, Florida". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 12 (12): 1873–1879. doi:10.3201/eid1212.060446. PMC 3291350. PMID 17326938.
^ ^a ^b Coffey, L. L.; Carrara, A. S.; Paessler, S.; Haynie, M. L.; Bradley, R. D.; Tesh, R. B.; Weaver, S. C. (2004). "Experimental Everglades Virus Infection of Cotton Rats (Sigmodon hispidus)". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 10 (12): 2182–2188. doi:10.3201/eid1012.040442. PMC 3323382. PMID 15663857.
^ Coffey, Lark; Crawford, Cynda; Dee, James; Miller, Ryan; Freier, Jerome; Weaver, Scott (2006). "Serologic Evidence of Widespread Everglades Virus Activity in Dogs, Florida". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 12 (12): 1873–1879. doi:10.3201/eid1212.060446. ISSN 1080-6040. PMC 3291350. PMID 17326938.
^ Hoyer, Isaiah J.; Acevedo, Carolina; Wiggins, Keenan; Alto, Barry W.; Burkett-Cadena, Nathan D. (June 2019). "Patterns of Abundance, Host Use, and Everglades Virus Infection in Culex (Melanoconion) cedecei Mosquitoes, Florida, USA". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 25 (6): 1093–1100. doi:10.3201/eid2506.180338. ISSN 1080-6040. PMC 6537747. PMID 31107225.

[1] Sherman, M. B.; Trujillo, J.; Leahy, I.; Razmus, D.; Dehate, R.; Lorcheim, P.; Czarneski, M. A.; Zimmerman, D.; Newton, J. T. A. M.; Haddow, A. D.; Weaver, S. C. (2013). "Construction and organization of a BSL-3 cryo-electron microscopy laboratory at UTMB". Journal of Structural Biology. 181 (3): 223–233. doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2012.12.007. PMC 3593667. PMID 23274136.

[pmid173-2] Coffey, L.; Crawford, C.; Dee, J.; Miller, R.; Freier, J.; Weaver, S. (2006). "Serologic Evidence of Widespread Everglades Virus Activity in Dogs, Florida". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 12 (12): 1873–1879. doi:10.3201/eid1212.060446. PMC 3291350. PMID 17326938.

[pmid156-3] Coffey, L. L.; Carrara, A. S.; Paessler, S.; Haynie, M. L.; Bradley, R. D.; Tesh, R. B.; Weaver, S. C. (2004). "Experimental Everglades Virus Infection of Cotton Rats (Sigmodon hispidus)". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 10 (12): 2182–2188. doi:10.3201/eid1012.040442. PMC 3323382. PMID 15663857.

[4] Coffey, Lark; Crawford, Cynda; Dee, James; Miller, Ryan; Freier, Jerome; Weaver, Scott (2006). "Serologic Evidence of Widespread Everglades Virus Activity in Dogs, Florida". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 12 (12): 1873–1879. doi:10.3201/eid1212.060446. ISSN 1080-6040. PMC 3291350. PMID 17326938.

[5] Hoyer, Isaiah J.; Acevedo, Carolina; Wiggins, Keenan; Alto, Barry W.; Burkett-Cadena, Nathan D. (June 2019). "Patterns of Abundance, Host Use, and Everglades Virus Infection in Culex (Melanoconion) cedecei Mosquitoes, Florida, USA". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 25 (6): 1093–1100. doi:10.3201/eid2506.180338. ISSN 1080-6040. PMC 6537747. PMID 31107225.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]