Experimental Lakes Area

IISD-ELA

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IISD-ELA's position in Kenora District, Ontario, Canada.

IISD Experimental Lakes Area (IISD-ELA, known as ELA before 2014)^[2] is an internationally unique research station encompassing 58 formerly pristine freshwater lakes in Kenora District, Ontario, Canada.^[3][4] In response to the International Joint Commission (IJC)'s 1965 recommendations related to transboundary pollution,^[5] the federal and provincial governments set aside these lakes to study water pollution.^[6][7] During the 1970s and 1980s, David Schindler, who was at that time 'Canada's leading ecologist', conducted a series of innovative, landmark large-scale experiments in ELA on eutrophication that led to the banning of phosphates in detergents.^[8][9][10] In an unexpected and controversial move that was widely condemned by the scientific community, in 2012 the ELA was de-funded by the Canadian Federal Government.^{[11][12][13][14][15][16]} The facility is now managed and operated by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) and has a mandate to investigate the aquatic effects of a wide variety of stresses on lakes and their catchments. IISD-ELA used the whole ecosystem approach and makes long-term, whole-lake investigations of freshwater focusing on eutrophication.^[17][18]

In an article^[3] published in AAAS's scientific journal Science, Eric Stokstad described ELA's "extreme science"^[3] as the manipulation of whole lake ecosystem with ELA researchers collecting long-term records for climatology, hydrology, and limnology that address key issues in water management.^[17] The site has influenced public policy in water management in Canada, the US, and around the world.^[3]

Minister of State for Science and Technology, Gary Goodyear, argued that "our government has been working hard to ensure that the Experimental Lakes Area facility is transferred to a non-governmental operator better suited to conducting the type of world-class research that can be undertaken at this facility" and that "[t]he federal government has been leading negotiations in order to secure an operator with an international track record." On April 1, 2014, the International Institute for Sustainable Development announced that it had signed three agreements to ensure that it will be the long-term operator of the research facility and that the facility would henceforth be called IISD Experimental Lakes Area.^[19] Since taking over the facility, IISD has expanded the function of the site to include educational and outreach opportunities^[20] and a broader research portfolio.^[21]