Back متلازمة الرأس المنفجر Arabic Síndrome de la cabeza esplosiva AST Partlayan Baş sindromu Azerbaijani Syndrom explodující hlavy Czech Exploding Head Syndrome German Síndrome de la cabeza explosiva Spanish سندرم انفجار سر Persian Räjähtävän pään oireyhtymä Finnish Syndrome de la tête qui explose French Պայթող գլխի համախտանիշ Armenian

Exploding head syndrome

"Exploding Head Syndrome" redirects here. Not to be confused with the album by the band The Telescopes.
Exploding head syndrome
Other namesEpisodic cranial sensory shock,[1] snapping of the brain,[2] auditory sleep start[3]
SpecialtySleep medicine
SymptomsHearing loud noises when falling asleep or waking up[2]
DurationShort[2]
CausesUnknown[3]
Differential diagnosisNocturnal epilepsy, hypnic headaches, nightmare disorder, PTSD[2]
TreatmentReassurance, clomipramine, calcium channel blockers[2]
PrognosisGood[2]
Frequency~10% of people[2]

Exploding head syndrome (EHS) is an abnormal sensory perception during sleep in which a person experiences auditory hallucinations that are loud and of short duration when falling asleep or waking up.[2][4] The noise may be frightening, typically occurs only occasionally, and is not a serious health concern.[2] People may also experience a flash of light.[5] Pain is typically absent.[2]

The cause is unknown.[3] Potential organic explanations that have been investigated but ruled out include ear problems, temporal lobe seizure, nerve dysfunction, or specific genetic changes.[2] Potential risk factors include psychological stress.[2] It is classified as a sleep disorder or headache disorder.[2][5] People often go undiagnosed.[5]

There is no high-quality evidence to support treatment.[2] Reassurance may be sufficient.[2] Clomipramine and calcium channel blockers have been tried.[2] While the frequency of the condition is not well studied, some have estimated that it occurs in about 10% of people.[2] Women are reportedly more commonly affected.[5] The condition was initially described at least as early as 1876.[2] The current name came into use in 1988.[5]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Go2015 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Sharpless, Brian A. (December 2014). "Exploding head syndrome". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 18 (6): 489–493. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2014.03.001. PMID 24703829.
  3. ^ a b c Blom JD (2015). "Auditory hallucinations". The Human Auditory System - Fundamental Organization and Clinical Disorders. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Vol. 129. pp. 433–55. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-62630-1.00024-X. ISBN 9780444626301. PMID 25726283. S2CID 6192827. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
  4. ^ Frese, A.; Summ, O.; Evers, S. (6 June 2014). "Exploding head syndrome: Six new cases and review of the literature". Cephalalgia. 34 (10): 823–827. doi:10.1177/0333102414536059. PMID 24907167. S2CID 31675696.
  5. ^ a b c d e Ceriani, CEJ; Nahas, SJ (30 July 2018). "Exploding Head Syndrome: a Review". Current Pain and Headache Reports. 22 (10): 63. doi:10.1007/s11916-018-0717-1. PMID 30062616. S2CID 51876942.

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