Fall of Babylon

Fall of Babylon
Part of the Persian conquest of Babylonia
Cyrus the Great defeating the Babylonian army by John Martin (1831)
Date 540 BCE[1] – October 539 BCE Location Babylon, Babylonia, Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) 32°32′33″N 44°25′16″E / 32.54250°N 44.42111°E / 32.54250; 44.42111 Result Persian victory[2][3] Territorial changes Persian rule established across former Babylonian territories
Belligerents
Achaemenid Empire	Neo-Babylonian Empire
Commanders and leaders
Cyrus the Great Gobryas	Nabonidus Belshazzar ?
Strength
Unknown	Unknown
Babylon class=notpageimage| Location within modern-day Iraq

The fall of Babylon was the decisive event that marked the total defeat of the Neo-Babylonian Empire to the Achaemenid Persian Empire in 539 BCE.

Nabonidus, the final Babylonian king and son of the Assyrian priestess Adad-guppi,^[4] ascended to the throne in 556 BCE, after overthrowing his predecessor Labashi-Marduk. For long periods, he would entrust rule to his son Belshazzar, who was a capable soldier but a poor politician. As a result, he was somewhat unpopular with many of his subjects, particularly the priesthood and the military class.^[5] To the east, the Persians had been growing in strength under the leadership of Cyrus the Great, who would soon lead a military expedition into Babylonian territory. In October 539 BCE, after the Battle of Opis, the Persian army made entry into the capital city of Babylon. With the success of Cyrus' campaign, Babylonia was incorporated into the Persian realm as a satrapy. As recorded in the Cyrus Cylinder, Cyrus vowed to respect the Babylonian people and also allowed incarcerated peoples to return to their homelands, most notably including the Babylonians' captives from Judah. Consequently, he was viewed as the legitimate successor of the ancient Babylonian kings, and, unlike Nabonidus, rose to become a popular figure in Babylon itself.^[2]