Fall of Ubeda

Fall of Ubeda (1212)
	Part of the Reconquista and Almohad wars in the Iberian Peninsula
Date	August, 1212
Location	Ubeda, Spain
Result	Crusader victory
Belligerents
Kingdom of Castile; Knights Hospitaller; Portuguese crusaders; French crusaders; German crusaders; Italian crusaders;	Almohad Caliphate
Commanders and leaders
Alfonso VIII of Castile; Peter II of Aragon;	Unknown
Strength
12,000–14,000	70,000 inhabitants
Casualties and losses
Very light	60,000–70,000 killed or enslaved (exaggerated)

In August 1212, the major Andalusian city of Úbeda was besieged and captured by an army of crusaders led by Alfonso VIII of Castile. The conquest came as an aftermath of the crusader victory at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa.^[1] The Muslim inhabitants of the town negotiated a peaceful surrender of the town to which Alphonso initially agreed. However, the other leaders of the crusade persuaded him to abandon the agreement and sack the city, leading to a violent massacre and mass enslavement of the inhabitants.^[5]

^ ^a ^b ^c Smith, Damian J. (2010). Crusade, Heresy, and Inquisition in the Lands of the Crown of Aragon (c. 1167-1276). Netherlands: Brill. p. 16.
^ Martín Alvira Cabrer: Las Navas de Tolosa, 1212: idea, liturgia y memoria de la batalla. Madrid 2012, p. 332
^ ^a ^b Charles Lea, Henry (2017). A History of the Inquisition of Spain - Volume I. U.S.: Devoted Publishing. p. 27.
^ Muslims Under Latin Rule, 1100-1300. Princeton University Press. 14 July 2014. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-4008-6119-4.
^ Lea, H. C. (1901). The Moriscos of Spain: Their Conversion and Expulsion. United Kingdom: B. Quaritch. p. 4.

[Smith2010-1] Smith, Damian J. (2010). Crusade, Heresy, and Inquisition in the Lands of the Crown of Aragon (c. 1167-1276). Netherlands: Brill. p. 16.

[Alvira_332-2] Martín Alvira Cabrer: Las Navas de Tolosa, 1212: idea, liturgia y memoria de la batalla. Madrid 2012, p. 332

[CharlesLea2017-3] Charles Lea, Henry (2017). A History of the Inquisition of Spain - Volume I. U.S.: Devoted Publishing. p. 27.

[4] Muslims Under Latin Rule, 1100-1300. Princeton University Press. 14 July 2014. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-4008-6119-4.

[Lea1901-5] Lea, H. C. (1901). The Moriscos of Spain: Their Conversion and Expulsion. United Kingdom: B. Quaritch. p. 4.

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