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Faraday's ice pail experiment

Apparatus Faraday used in the experiment: a metal pail (A) is supported on a wooden stool (B) to insulate it from the ground. A metal ball (C) charged with static electricity can be lowered into the pail on a nonconducting silk thread. A gold-leaf electroscope (E), a sensitive detector of electric charge, is attached by a wire to the outside of the pail. When the charged ball is lowered into the pail without touching it, the electroscope registers a charge, indicating that the ball induces charge in the metal container by electrostatic induction. An opposite charge is induced on the inside surface of the pail.

Faraday's ice pail experiment is a simple electrostatics experiment performed in 1843 by British scientist Michael Faraday[1][2] that demonstrates the effect of electrostatic induction on a conducting container. For a container, Faraday used a metal pail made to hold ice, which gave the experiment its name.[3] The experiment shows that an electric charge enclosed inside a conducting shell induces an equal charge on the shell, and that in an electrically conducting body, the charge resides entirely on the surface.[4][5] It also demonstrates the principles behind electromagnetic shielding such as employed in the Faraday cage.[6][7] The ice pail experiment was the first precise quantitative experiment on electrostatic charge.[8] It is still used today in lecture demonstrations and physics laboratory courses to teach the principles of electrostatics.[9]

  1. ^ Faraday, Michael (March 1844). "On Static Electrical Inductive Action". Philosophical Journal. 22 (144). UK: Taylor and Frances: 200–204. Retrieved 2010-08-21.
  2. ^ Faraday, Michael (1855). Experimental Researches in Electricity, Vol. 3. UK: Taylor and Francis. pp. 566.
  3. ^ John Ambrose Fleming, "Electrostatics". Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th Ed. Vol. 9. The Encyclopædia Britannica Co. 1910. p. 243. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
  4. ^ Avison, John (1989). The World of Physics, 2nd Ed. USA: Nelson Thornes. p. 212. ISBN 0-17-438733-4.
  5. ^ Sharma, N. P. (2007). Concise Physics For Class Xii. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-07-065634-5.
  6. ^ Colwell, Catherine H. (2010). "Shells and Conductors". PhysicsLAB. Mainland High School. Retrieved 2010-09-14.
  7. ^ Calvert, James B. (April 2003). "Faraday's Ice Pail". Electrostatics at Home. Prof. Calvert's website, Univ. of Denver. Retrieved 2010-09-14.
  8. ^ "Electromagnetism (physics)". Encyclopædia Britannica online. 2009. Retrieved 2010-09-14.
  9. ^ "Experiment 2: Faraday Ice Pail" (PDF). Technical Services Group. Dept. of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Spring 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-08-19. Retrieved 2010-09-14.

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