Farah Pahlavi

Farah Pahlavi
Formal portrait, 1973
Consort of the Shah of Iran
As queen	21 December 1959 – 26 October 1967
As empress (shahbanu)	26 October 1967[1] – 11 February 1979
Coronation	26 October 1967
Born	Farah Diba (1938-10-14) 14 October 1938 (age 85) Tehran, Imperial State of Iran[2]
Spouse	Mohammad Reza Shah ​ ​ (m. 1959; died 1980)​
Issue	Crown Prince Reza Princess Farahnaz Prince Ali Reza Princess Leila
House	Pahlavi (by marriage)
Father	Sohrab Diba
Mother	Farideh Ghotbi
Signature	Persian signature Latin signature

Farah Pahlavi (Persian: فرح پهلوی, née Diba (دیبا); born 14 October 1938) is the widow of the last Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and was successively Queen and Empress (شهبانو, Shahbanu) of Iran from 1959 to 1979. She was born into a prosperous family whose fortunes were diminished after her father's early death. While studying architecture in Paris, she was introduced to Mohammad Reza at the Iranian embassy, and they were married in December 1959. The Shah's first two marriages had not produced a son—necessary for royal succession—resulting in great rejoicing at the birth of Crown Prince Reza in October of the following year. Farah was then free to pursue interests other than domestic duties, though she was not allowed a political role. She worked for many charities, and founded Iran's first American-style university, enabling more women to become students in the country. She also facilitated the buying-back of Iranian antiquities from museums abroad.

By 1978, growing anti-imperial unrest fueled by communism, socialism, and Islamism throughout Iran was showing clear signs of impending revolution, prompting the Shahbanu and the Shah to leave the country in January 1979 under the threat of a death sentence. For this reason, most countries were reluctant to harbour them, with Anwar Sadat's Egypt being an exception. Facing execution should he return, and in ill health, Mohammad Reza died in exile in July 1980. In widowhood, Farah has continued her charity work, dividing her time between Washington, D.C., and Paris.