Fernando de Noronha

Fernando de Noronha
State district
State District of Fernando de Noronha
Do Meio and Conceição beaches
Flag Coat of arms
Location
Fernando de Noronha Location in Brazil
Coordinates: 03°51′18″S 32°25′30″W / 3.85500°S 32.42500°W / -3.85500; -32.42500
Country	Brazil
State	Pernambuco
Founded	August 10, 1503
Founded by	Amerigo Vespucci
Named for	Fernão de Loronha
Government
• President of the Federative Republic of Brazil	Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
• Governor	Raquel Lyra
• General Administrator	Thallyta Figueirôa
Area
• Total	18 km2 (7 sq mi)
Population  (2020[1])
• Total	3,101
• Density	170/km2 (450/sq mi)
Demonym	Portuguese: Noronhense
Time zone	UTC-02:00 (FNT)
Postal code	53990-000 to 53999-999
Area code	+55 81
ISO 3166 code	BR-PE
Website	www.noronha.pe.gov.br
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Official name	Brazilian Atlantic Islands: Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas Reserves
Type	Natural
Criteria	vii, ix, x
Designated	2001 (25th session)
Reference no.	1000
Region	Latin America and the Caribbean

Fernando de Noronha (Portuguese pronunciation: [feʁˈnɐ̃du dʒi noˈɾoɲɐ]), officially the State District of Fernando de Noronha (Portuguese: Distrito Estadual de Fernando de Noronha) and formerly known as the Territory of Fernando de Noronha (Portuguese: Território de Fernando de Noronha) until 1988, is an archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, part of the State of Pernambuco, Brazil, and located 354 km (191 nmi; 220 mi) off the Brazilian coast. It consists of 21 islands and islets, extending over an area of 26 km² (10 sq mi).^[2] Only the eponymous main island is inhabited; it has an area of 18.4 km² (7.1 sq mi) and a population estimated at 3,101 in 2020. While most of the archipelago is relatively low-lying, there are parts reaching more than 100 m (328 ft) in elevation.

The islands are administratively unique in Brazil. They form a "state district" (Portuguese: distrito estadual) that is administered directly by the government of the state of Pernambuco (despite being closer to the state of Rio Grande do Norte).^[3] The state district's jurisdiction also includes the very remote Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago, located 625 km (337 nmi; 388 mi) northeast of Fernando de Noronha. Seventy percent of the islands' area was established in 1988 as a national marine park.

In 2001, UNESCO designated it as a World Heritage Site because of its importance as a feeding ground for tuna, sharks, turtles, and marine mammals.^[4] Its time zone is UTC−02:00 all year round.