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Five Star Movement

Five Star Movement
Movimento 5 Stelle
AbbreviationM5S
PresidentGiuseppe Conte
GuarantorBeppe Grillo
FoundersBeppe Grillo
Gianroberto Casaleggio
Founded4 October 2009 (2009-10-04)
HeadquartersVia Campo Marzio 46, Rome
NewspaperIl Blog di Beppe Grillo (2009-2018)
Il Blog delle Stelle (2018-2021)
Membership (2024)170,000[1]
Ideology
European Parliament groupEFDD (2014–2019)
Non-Inscrits (since 2019)
Colors  Yellow
Chamber of Deputies
51 / 400
Senate
27 / 200
European Parliament
5 / 76
Regional Councils
61 / 896
Conference of Regions
1 / 21
Website
movimento5stelle.eu

The Five Star Movement (Italian: Movimento 5 Stelle, M5S) is a political party in Italy. Its leader and president is Giuseppe Conte, Prime Minister of Italy from 2018 until 2021.[2] The M5S was founded on 4 October 2009 by Beppe Grillo, a political activist and comedian, and Gianroberto Casaleggio, a web strategist.[3] The party is primarily described as populist,[4][5][6] of the syncretic kind,[7][8][9] due to its members' insistence that it has no place in the left–right political spectrum.[10][11] The party is a proponent of green politics,[12] direct democracy[13][14] and broadly, progressivism.[15][16]

From 2014 to 2017, the M5S was a member of the Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy group in the European Parliament, along with the UK Independence Party and minor Eurosceptic parties. In January 2017, M5S members voted in favour of Grillo's proposal to join the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group but the party was eventually refused,[17][18] and has since sat as Non-Inscrits in the European Parliament.[19]

In November 2014, Grillo appointed a "directory" composed of five leading members: Alessandro Di Battista, Luigi Di Maio, Roberto Fico, Carla Ruocco, and Carlo Sibilia.[20][21] It lasted until the following October when Grillo dissolved it and proclaimed himself the political head of the M5S.[22] From the foundation until 2021, Grillo also formally served as president of the association named "Five Star Movement"; his nephew Enrico Grillo served as vice-president and his accountant Enrico Maria Nadasi as secretary.[23][24] In the 2017 M5S leadership election, Di Maio was voted in an online primary with 82% of the vote as political head and candidate for Prime Minister, while Grillo continued to be M5S's "guarantor".[25][26] In January 2018, Grillo separated his own blog, which was used the party's online newspaper, with the brand-new Blog delle Stelle.[27] After the 2021 M5S leadership election, a new statute was approved and Conte became the new president, while Grillo continued to be the guarantor of the movement.[28] During the years, the M5S went through several splits, most recently and notably in June 2022, when Di Maio formed Together for the Future.[29]

In the 2013 general election, the M5S was the second-most popular single party and the third-most popular grouping, behind the centre-left coalition and the centre-right coalition.[30] The M5S turned down a coalition offer with the centre-left coalition and entered opposition.[31][32] In 2016, Chiara Appendino and Virginia Raggi, both members of the M5S, were elected mayors of Turin and Rome, respectively.[33] The M5S opposed the reforms proposed in the 2016 Italian constitutional referendum.[34] In the 2018 general election, the M5S became the largest party in the Italian Parliament,[35][36][37] and has since been part of government with both right-wing and left-wing coalitions.[38][39] The 2022 general election saw a strong decrease in support for the party, which scored 15% and was the third most voted party but due the electoral law was the fourth party by seats in Parliament, where they sat at the opposition.[40] Thanks in part to a strong performance in southern Italy, the M5S defied single-digits polls in July 2022,[41] and they won single-member constituencies in the South that otherwise would have been won by the centre-right coalition.[42][43] In the 2024 Sardinian regional election party member Alessandra Todde was elected president of Sardinia, the party's first regional president.

  1. ^ "M5S, più iscritti del Pd. Ma la tessera è gratis e tre su 4 sono uomini". 24 March 2024.
  2. ^ Conte diventa leader: già 40 mila voti dagli iscritti, Il Fatto Quotidiano
  3. ^ "Notizie in due minuti". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). 5 October 2009. p. 64. Retrieved 27 May 2012.
  4. ^ Rowinski, Paul (2013). "Euroscepticism in the Berlusconi and Murdoch Press". In Alec Charles (ed.). Media/Democracy: A Comparative Study. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 77. ISBN 978-1-4438-5008-7.
  5. ^ Foot, John (2014). Modern Italy. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 223–226. ISBN 978-1-137-04192-0. Archived from the original on 29 January 2016.
  6. ^ Gauja, Anika; Van Haute, Emilie, eds. (2015). "List of party names and abbreviations". Party Members and Activists. Routledge. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-317-52432-8.
  7. ^ Caruso, Loris (2017). "Digital Capitalism and the End of Politics: The Case of the Italian Five Star Movement". Politics & Society. 45 (4): 585–609. doi:10.1177/0032329217735841. S2CID 158156480 – via SAGE.
  8. ^ Mercea, Dan; Mosca, Lorenzo (2021). "Understanding movement parties through their communication". Information, Communication & Society. 24 (10): 1332. doi:10.1080/1369118X.2021.1942514. hdl:2434/903207. S2CID 236144873 – via Taylor & Francis.
  9. ^ Downes, James (19 February 2020). "'Syncretic' Populism in Contemporary 21st Century European Politics". Centre for Analysis of the Radical Right. Retrieved 1 February 2023.
  10. ^ Barberis, Mauro (21 October 2019). "M5S, l'ambiguità destra/sinistra è scritta nel suo Dna. Un libro-testimonianza spiega perché". Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). Retrieved 1 February 2023.
  11. ^ Cuzzocrea, Annalisa (14 April 2021). "La Carta del M5S di Conte: "Né destra né sinistra"". La Repubblica (in Italian). Retrieved 1 February 2023.
  12. ^ Thompson, Mitra (March 2019). "Who Owns the Environment: The state of Green party politics around the world" (PDF). Ipsos. p. 7. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  13. ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2018). "Italy". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference Casaleggio 2018 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ "Verso un M5S a trazione socialdemocratica?". www.rivistailmulino.it (in Italian). 22 September 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  16. ^ "Fico: "Noi del M5S i veri innovatori e progressisti". Agi (in Italian). 23 December 2022. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
  17. ^ "EU liberals refuse to unite with Italy Five Star Eurosceptics". BBC. 9 January 2017. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  18. ^ "M5s, Parlamento Ue: salta il passaggio a eurogruppo Alde. Verhofstadt: 'Poche garanzie'". La Repubblica (in Italian). 9 January 2017. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
  19. ^ Fortuna, Gerardo (27 October 2020). "MEP: Green group is the natural place for Italy's Five Star Movement". Euractiv. Retrieved 20 February 2022.
  20. ^ "M5S supporters give thumbs up to Grillo directorate" (in Italian). ANSA. 28 November 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2019.
  21. ^ Mackenzie, James (29 November 2014). "'Tired' Grillo overhauls leadership of Italy's 5-Star Movement". Reuters. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
  22. ^ Perrone, Manuela (25 September 2016). "Svolta di Grillo: 'Sono il capo politico'". Il Sole 24 Ore (in Italian). Retrieved 21 February 2022.
  23. ^ Bassi, Andrea (12 March 2013). "M5s, ecco lo statuto del Movimento 5 stelle. L'atto costitutivo firmato a Cogoleto da Beppe Grillo, il nipote Enrico Grillo e il commercialista. Non compare il nome di Casaleggio". L'Huffington Post (in Italian). Retrieved 21 February 2022.
  24. ^ "M5S: Di Maio, Grillo sempre con noi, garante e risorsa" (in Italian). ANSA. 12 January 2018. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
  25. ^ "M5s, Di Maio eletto candidato premier e nuovo capo politico. Ma alle primarie votano solo in 37 mila". La Repubblica (in Italian). 23 September 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
  26. ^ Imarisio, Marco (23 September 2017). "Movimento 5 Stelle: l'incoronazione gelida. E Di Maio promette a tutti 'disciplina e onore'". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). Retrieved 21 February 2022.
  27. ^ "Il blog di Beppe Grillo è cambiato". Il Post (in Italian). 23 January 2018. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
  28. ^ Cuzzocrea, Annalisa (6 August 2021). "M5S, Conte eletto presidente col 93% di sì: 'Ce la metterò tutta per non deludervi'. Con lui 5 vice. Ecco chi ci sarà nella sua squadra al comando'". La Repubblica (in Italian). Retrieved 21 February 2022.
  29. ^ Amante, Angelo; Jones, Gavin (21 June 2022). "Italy Foreign Minister di Maio quits 5-Star to form new group". Reuters. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
  30. ^ "Risultato elezioni 2013: con i voti degli italiani all'estero il Pd è il primo partito alla Camera". The Huffington Post. 21 March 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
  31. ^ Garzia, Diego (1 September 2013). "The 2013 Italian Parliamentary Election: Changing Things So Everything Stays the Same" (PDF). West European Politics. 36 (5): 1095–1105. doi:10.1080/01402382.2013.815483. hdl:1814/29550. ISSN 0140-2382. S2CID 154348528.
  32. ^ "'The Italian General Election of 2013' – A free e-book collecting CISE analyses". Italian Center for Electoral Studies. 23 November 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
  33. ^ Scamell, Rosie (20 June 2016). "Anti-establishment candidates elected to lead Rome and Turin". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  34. ^ John, Tara (1 December 2016). "What to Know About Italy's Constitutional Referendum". Time. Retrieved 9 February 2022.
  35. ^ Foster, Peter; Squires, Nick (4 March 2018). "Populist Five Star Movement wins largest share of vote in Italian election, exit poll indicates". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
  36. ^ "Populists close in on power in Italy". BBC. 10 May 2018. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
  37. ^ Bremmer, Ian (18 May 2018). "Five Things to Know About Italy's Populist Coalition Government". Time. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
  38. ^ "Analysis: How the rebel Five Star Movement joined Italy's establishment". The Local. 2 September 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
  39. ^ Downes, James F.; Palma, Nicola (6 July 2020). "Ideological Ambiguity, Issue Blurring & Party Dissent: The Electoral Decline of the Populist Italian Five Star Movement". Centre for Analysis of the Radical Right. Archived from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  40. ^ Pucciarelli, Matteo (26 October 2022). "Grillo incontra i parlamentari del M5S: 'Spero che il governo duri a lungo' E sul reddito di cittadinanza: 'Va difeso a ogni costo'". La Repubblica (in Italian). Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  41. ^ Anzolin, Elisa; Weir, Keith (26 September 2022). "Italy election victors target era of political stability". Reuters. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  42. ^ Cite error: The named reference Kirby 2022 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  43. ^ Cite error: The named reference Horowitz 2022 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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