Flat Holm

Flat Holm
Native name: Ynys Echni (Welsh)
	Flat Holm in April 2008
Geography
Location	Bristol Channel
Coordinates	51°22′37″N 3°07′19″W / 51.37687°N 3.12207°W
Area	0.35 km2 (0.14 sq mi)
Length	0.63 km (0.391 mi)
Width	0.61 km (0.379 mi)
Highest elevation	32 m (105 ft)
Administration
	Wales
City and County	Cardiff
Community	Butetown
Capital city	Cardiff
Demographics
Population	1
Additional information
Official website	www.flatholmisland.com

Flat Holm (Welsh: Ynys Echni) is a Welsh island lying in the Bristol Channel approximately 6 km (4 mi) from Lavernock Point in the Vale of Glamorgan. It includes the most southerly point of Wales.^[1]

The island has a long history of occupation, dating at least from the Bronze Age. Religious uses include visits by disciples of Saint Cadoc in the 5th-6th century AD, and in 1835 it was the site of the foundation of the Bristol Channel Mission, which later became the Mission to Seafarers. A sanatorium for cholera patients was built in 1896 as the isolation hospital for the port of Cardiff. Guglielmo Marconi transmitted the first wireless signals over open sea from Flat Holm to Lavernock. Because of frequent shipwrecks, a lighthouse was built on the island, which was replaced by a Trinity House lighthouse in 1737. Because of its strategic position on the approaches to Bristol and Cardiff a series of gun emplacements, known as Flat Holm Battery, were built in the 1860s as part of a line of defences, known as Palmerston Forts. On the outbreak of World War II, the island was rearmed.

It forms part of the City and County of Cardiff and is now managed by Cardiff Council's Flat Holm Project Team and designated as a Local Nature Reserve, Site of Special Scientific Interest and a Special Protection Area, because of the maritime grassland and rare plants such as rock sea-lavender (Limonium binervosum) and wild leek (Allium ampeloprasum). The island also has significant breeding colonies of lesser black-backed gulls (Larus fuscus), herring gulls (Larus argentatus) and great black-backed gulls (Larus marinus). It is also home to slowworms (Anguis fragilis) with larger than usual blue markings.

^ Ingram, Alex (12 October 2020). "A Glance at Daily Life Among the Caretakers of Britain's Small Islands". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 4 November 2020.

[1] Ingram, Alex (12 October 2020). "A Glance at Daily Life Among the Caretakers of Britain's Small Islands". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 4 November 2020.

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