Food physical chemistry

Food physical chemistry is considered to be a branch of Food chemistry^[1][2] concerned with the study of both physical and chemical interactions in foods in terms of physical and chemical principles applied to food systems, as well as the applications of physical/chemical techniques and instrumentation for the study of foods.^[3][4][5][6] This field encompasses the "physiochemical principles of the reactions and conversions that occur during the manufacture, handling, and storage of foods."^[7]

Food physical chemistry concepts are often drawn from rheology, theories of transport phenomena, physical and chemical thermodynamics, chemical bonds and interaction forces, quantum mechanics and reaction kinetics, biopolymer science, colloidal interactions, nucleation, glass transitions, and freezing,^[8][9] disordered/noncrystalline solids.

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Techniques utilized range widely from dynamic rheometry, optical microscopy, electron microscopy, AFM, light scattering, X-ray diffraction/neutron diffraction,^[10] to MRI, spectroscopy (NMR,^[11] FT-NIR/IR, NIRS, ESR and EPR,^[12][13] CD/VCD,^[14] Fluorescence, FCS,^{[15][16][17][18][19]} HPLC, GC-MS,^[20][21] and other related analytical techniques.

Understanding food processes and the properties of foods requires a knowledge of physical chemistry and how it applies to specific foods and food processes. Food physical chemistry is essential for improving the quality of foods, their stability, and food product development. Because food science is a multi-disciplinary field, food physical chemistry is being developed through interactions with other areas of food chemistry and food science, such as food analytical chemistry, food process engineering/food processing, food and bioprocess technology, food extrusion, food quality control, food packaging, food biotechnology, and food microbiology.