The foreign relations of Canada are Canada's relations with other governments and nations. Canada is recognized as a middle power for its role in international affairs with a tendency to pursue multilateral and international solutions.[2][3][4] Canada's foreign policy based on international peacekeeping and security is carried out through coalitions, international organizations, and the work of numerous federal institutions.[5][6] Canada is often called upon to serve as a mediator in international conflicts.[7] The strategy of the Canadian government's foreign aid policy reflects an emphasis to meet the Sustainable Development Goals, while also providing assistance in response to foreign humanitarian crises.[8] The Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) is tasked with gathering and analyzing intelligence to prevent threats such as terrorism, espionage, and foreign interference,[9] while the Communications Security Establishment (CSE) is focused on cyber security and protecting Canada's digital infrastructure.[9]
Canada's peacekeeping role during the 20th century has played a major role in its positive global image.[17][18] Canada has served in over 50 peacekeeping missions, including every UN peacekeeping effort until 1989.[19] This resulted in Canada providing the most peacekeepers during the Cold War.[20] Since the 21st Century, Canadian direct participation in UN peacekeeping efforts has greatly declined.[21] The large decrease was a result of Canada directing its participation to UN-sanctioned military operations through NATO, rather than directly through the UN.[22] Canada has faced controversy over its involvement in some foreign countries, notably the 1993 Somalia affair.[23] Canada's military currently has over 3000 personnel deployed overseas in multiple operations.[24]
^Haglung, David G (Autumn 2003). "North American Cooperation in an Era of Homeland Security". Orbis. 47 (4): 675–691. doi:10.1016/S0030-4387(03)00072-3.
^James, Patrick (2006). Michaud, Nelson; O'Reilly, Marc J (eds.). Handbook of Canadian Foreign Policy. Lexington Books. pp. 213–214, 349–362. ISBN978-0-7391-1493-3.
^Canada Intelligence, Security Activities and Operations Handbook Volume 1 Intelligence Service Organizations, Regulations, Activities. International Business Publications. 2015. p. 27. ISBN978-0-7397-1615-1.