Back বন বাস্তুবিজ্ঞান Bengali/Bangla Ecologia forestal Catalan Ekologie lesa Czech Waldökologie German Δασική οικολογία Greek Ecología forestal Spanish Metsaökoloogia Estonian بومشناسی جنگل Persian Écologie forestière French वन पारिस्थितिकी Hindi
Forest ecology is the scientific study of the interrelated patterns, processes, flora, fauna and ecosystems in forests.[1] The management of forests is known as forestry, silviculture, and forest management. A forest ecosystem is a natural woodland unit consisting of all plants, animals, and micro-organisms (Biotic components) in that area functioning together with all of the non-living physical (abiotic) factors of the environment.[2]
- ^ Führer, Erwin (2000-06-15). "Forest functions, ecosystem stability and management". Forest Ecology and Management. 132 (1): 29–38. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00377-7. ISSN 0378-1127.
- ^ Robert W. Christopherson. 1996
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