Fourth Brazilian Republic

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Republic of the United States of Brazil República dos Estados Unidos do Brasil
1946–1964
Flag (1960) Coat of arms
Motto: "Ordem e Progresso" (English: "Order and Progress")
Anthem: "Hino Nacional Brasileiro" (English: "Brazilian National Anthem")
Capital	Rio de Janeiro (until 1960) Brasília (after 1960)
Common languages	Portuguese
Religion (1950)[1]	93% Catholic 7% Others
Government	Federal presidential republic (1946–1961; 1963–1964) Federal parliamentary republic (1961–1963)
President
• 1946–1951 (first)	Eurico Gaspar Dutra
• 1961–1964 (last)	João Goulart
Prime Minister
• 1961–1962	Tancredo Neves
• 1962	Brochado da Rocha
• 1962–1963	Hermes Lima
Legislature	National Congress
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	Chamber of Deputies
Historical era	Cold War
• Dutra's ascension	31 January 1946
• Democratic Constitution	18 September 1946
• Brasília as capital	21 April 1960
• Parliamentary system	8 September 1961
• Return to presidentialism	24 January 1963
• Military coup	31 March 1964
Population
• 1950	51,944,397
• 1960	70,992,343
Currency	Cruzeiro
Preceded by Succeeded by Vargas Era Military dictatorship

The Fourth Brazilian Republic, also known as the "Populist Republic" or as the "Republic of 46", is the period of Brazilian history between 1946 and 1964. It was marked by political instability and the military's pressure on civilian politicians which ended with the 1964 Brazilian coup d'état and the establishment of the Brazilian military dictatorship.

This period was marked by often tumultuous presidencies of Eurico Gaspar Dutra, Getúlio Vargas, Café Filho, Juscelino Kubitschek, Jânio Quadros and João Goulart. In 1945, president Getúlio Vargas was deposed by a bloodless military coup, but his influence in Brazilian politics remained until the end of the Fourth Republic. During this period, three parties dominated national politics. Two of them were pro-Vargas — the Brazilian Labour Party (Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro, PTB) to the left and the Social Democratic Party (Partido Social Democrático, PSD) in the center — and another anti-Vargas party, the rightist National Democratic Union (União Democrática Nacional, UDN).