Francisco Espoz y Mina

Francisco Espoz y Mina
Portrait of General Espoz y Mina by José Vallespin
Born	17 June 1781 Idocin, Navarre
Died	24 December 1836(1836-12-24) (aged 55) Barcelona, Catalonia
Allegiance	Spain
Battles/wars	Peninsular War

Francisco Espoz y Mina Ilundáin^{[note 1]} (1781–1836) was a Spanish guerrilla leader and general.

Espoz y Mina is considered the most important guerrillero of the Peninsular War^[1] for three reasons: by positioning himself so close to the French forces and their lines of communication he was able to harass them continuously; the direct outcome of his field of operations, which limited the resources the French army could deploy elsewhere; and because, unlike many other guerrilleros,^[1] he did not resort to plundering the villages within his domain. Rather, he set up a civil administration with which he was able to finance, arm and feed his considerable forces, as well as using the booty he obtained from French convoys he captured. He even demanded a tax on French goods entering the country and the French custom-house at Irun paid his delegates 100 gold ounces per month.^[2]

Marshal Drouet, Comte d'Erlon deployed a whole division from his IX Corps to hunt him down during the autumn of 1810,^[2] resulting in the non-appearance of the Corps at Ciudad Rodrigo and Salamanca, when Marshal Masséna was anxiously awaiting its arrival.^[2] In all, during the months of September, October, and November 38,000 men under Drouet, Roguet, Dumoustier, and Reille were prevented by Espoz y Mina's actions from doing anything to help Masséna.

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