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| Franco-Dutch War | |||||||||
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| Part of the wars of Louis XIV | |||||||||
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| 120,000 killed or wounded[1] | 100,000 killed or wounded[1] | ||||||||
The Franco-Dutch War[b], 1672 to 1678, was primarily fought by France and the Dutch Republic, with both sides backed at different times by a variety of allies. Related conflicts include the 1672 to 1674 Third Anglo-Dutch War and 1675 to 1679 Scanian War.
In May 1672, France nearly overran the Netherlands, an event remembered in Dutch history as the Rampjaar, or "Disaster Year". However, by late July the Dutch position had stabilised, while concern over French gains brought them support from Emperor Leopold I, Spain and Brandenburg-Prussia. Previously an ally of France, England exited the war in February 1674.
Now facing a war of attrition on several fronts, Louis XIV of France instead focused on strengthening French borders with the Spanish Netherlands and Rhineland, while a coalition led by William of Orange sought to minimise any losses. By 1677, France had occupied Franche-Comté and made gains in the Spanish Netherlands and Alsace, but neither side was able to achieve a decisive victory.
Despite failing to conquer the Dutch Republic, the September 1678 Peace of Nijmegen is often seen as the high point of French power in this period. Spain recovered Charleroi from France, but in return ceded Franche-Comté, as well as much of Artois and Hainaut. Under William of Orange, the Dutch regained all the territory lost at the beginning, making him dominant in domestic politics. This position helped him create the anti-French Grand Alliance that fought in the 1688 to 1697 Nine Years' War, and subsequent 1701 to 1714 War of the Spanish Succession.
- ^ a b c d Clodfelter 1992, p. 47.
- ^ Panhuysen 2009, p. 84.
- ^ Shomette & Haslach 1988, p. 31.
- ^ a b Wilson 2016, p. 461.
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