Franco-Ottoman alliance

Frankish–Abbasid alliance	777–800s
Franco-Mongol alliance	1220–1316
Franco-Scottish alliance	1295–1560
Franco-Polish alliance	1524–1526
Franco-Hungarian alliance	1528–1552
Franco-Ottoman alliance	1536–1798
Franco-English alliance	1657–1660
Franco-Indian alliance	1603–1763
Franco-British alliance	1716–1731
Franco-Spanish alliance	1733–1792
Franco-Prussian alliance	1741–1756
Franco-Austrian alliance	1756–1792
Franco-Indian Alliances	1700s
Franco-Vietnamese alliance	1777–1820
Franco-American alliance	1778–1794
Franco-Persian alliance	1807–1809
Franco-Prussian alliance	1812–1813
Franco-Austrian alliance	1812–1813
Franco-Russian alliance	1892–1917
Entente Cordiale	1904–present
Franco-Polish alliance	1921–1940
Franco-Italian alliance	1935
Franco-Soviet alliance	1936–1939
Treaty of Dunkirk	1947–1997
Western Union	1948–1954
North Atlantic Alliance	1949–present
Western European Union	1954–2011
European Defence Union	1993–present
Regional relations
Asia Americas Africa

The Franco-Ottoman alliance, also known as the Franco-Turkish alliance, was an alliance established in 1536 between Francis I, King of France and Suleiman I of the Ottoman Empire. The strategic and sometimes tactical alliance was one of the longest-lasting and most important foreign alliances of France, and was particularly influential during the Italian Wars. The Franco-Ottoman military alliance reached its peak with the Invasion of Corsica of 1553 during the reign of Henry II of France.^[1]^[2]

As the first non-ideological alliance in effect between a Christian and Muslim state, the alliance attracted heavy controversy for its time and caused a scandal throughout Christendom.^[3]^[4] Carl Jacob Burckhardt (1947) called it "the sacrilegious union of the lily and the crescent".^[5] It lasted intermittently for more than two and a half centuries,^[6] until the Napoleonic campaign in Ottoman Egypt, in 1798–1801.

^ Dimmock, Matthew; Dimmock, Professor of Early Modern Studies Matthew (January 4, 2005). New Turkes: Dramatizing Islam and the Ottomans in Early Modern England. Ashgate. ISBN 9780754650225 – via Google Books.
^ R.C. Spooner, "The Habsburg-Valois Struggle" in G.R. Elton, ed. The New Cambridge modern history: - v.2 The Reformation, 1520-1559 (2nd ed. 1990) pp 377-400, online
^ Kann, Robert A. (November 26, 1980). A History of the Habsburg Empire, 1526-1918. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520042063 – via Google Books.
^ Miller, William (January 4, 1923). "The Ottoman Empire and its successors, 1801-1922. Being a rev. and enl. ed. of The Ottoman Empire, 1801-1913". Cambridge [Eng.] : The University Press – via Internet Archive.
^ C. J. Burckhardt, Richelieu vol. 2 (1947; English edition 1970); cited after Avner Ben-Zaken, Cross-Cultural Scientific Exchanges in the Eastern Mediterranean, 1560–1660 (2010), p. 209. A contemporary Swiss song by Benedikt Gletting called it the union of "the dolphin and the crocodile". R. Schwarzenbach, Schweizerisches Archiv für Volksunde 74 (1978), p. 6
^ Merriman, p.132

[New_Turkes_p.49-1] Dimmock, Matthew; Dimmock, Professor of Early Modern Studies Matthew (January 4, 2005). New Turkes: Dramatizing Islam and the Ottomans in Early Modern England. Ashgate. ISBN 9780754650225 – via Google Books.

[2] R.C. Spooner, "The Habsburg-Valois Struggle" in G.R. Elton, ed. The New Cambridge modern history: - v.2 The Reformation, 1520-1559 (2nd ed. 1990) pp 377-400, online

[3] Kann, Robert A. (November 26, 1980). A History of the Habsburg Empire, 1526-1918. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520042063 – via Google Books.

[Miller,_p.2-4] Miller, William (January 4, 1923). "The Ottoman Empire and its successors, 1801-1922. Being a rev. and enl. ed. of The Ottoman Empire, 1801-1913". Cambridge [Eng.] : The University Press – via Internet Archive.

[5] C. J. Burckhardt, Richelieu vol. 2 (1947; English edition 1970); cited after Avner Ben-Zaken, Cross-Cultural Scientific Exchanges in the Eastern Mediterranean, 1560–1660 (2010), p. 209. A contemporary Swiss song by Benedikt Gletting called it the union of "the dolphin and the crocodile". R. Schwarzenbach, Schweizerisches Archiv für Volksunde 74 (1978), p. 6

[Merriman,_p.132-6] Merriman, p.132

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