French expedition to Korea

Korean name
Hangul	병인양요
Hanja	丙寅洋擾
Revised Romanization	Byeong-in yangyo
McCune–Reischauer	Pyŏng'in yangyo

French expedition to Korea; 병인양요/丙寅洋擾; Expédition française en Corée
	; French fleet in Ganghwa, Choseon
Date	11 October – 22 November 1866; (1 month, 1 week and 4 days)
Location	Predominantly Ganghwa Island, some small engagements on the Korean Peninsula
Result	Joseon victory French retreat; failure of punitive expedition; Korea reaffirms its isolationism;
Belligerents
Joseon dynasty	Second French Empire
Commanders and leaders
Heungseon Daewongun; Yang Heon-su; Yi Yong-hui; Yi Gyeong-ha; Yi Gi-jo; Shin Heon; Han Seong-geun; Eo Jae-yeon;	Pierre-Gustave Roze; Cap. Olivier; Com. Bochet; Lt. Thouars;
Strength
10,000	600; 1 frigate; 2 corvettes; 2 gunboats; 2 dispatch boats
Casualties and losses
5 killed (3 at Munsu Fort); 2 wounded (at Munsu Fort); 2 missing	3 killed; 35 wounded

The French expedition to Korea (French: Expédition française en Corée, Korean: 병인양요^[a]) was an 1866 punitive expedition undertaken by the Second French Empire against Joseon Korea in retaliation for the execution of seven French Catholic missionaries. The encounter over Ganghwa Island lasted nearly six weeks. The result was an eventual French retreat, and a check on French influence in the region.^[6] The encounter also confirmed Korea in its isolationism for another decade, until Japan forced it to open up to trade in 1876 through the Treaty of Ganghwa.

In contemporary South Korea it is known as the Byeong-in yangyo, or "Western disturbance of the byeong-in year".

^ Medzini, Meron (1971). French Policy in Japan During the Closing Years of the Tokugawa Regime. Harvard University Asia Center. p. 144. ISBN 978-0-674-32230-1. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
^ Seth, Michael J. (2016). Routledge Handbook of Modern Korean History. Routledge. p. 45. ISBN 978-1-317-81149-7. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
^ Annals of Joseon Dynasty, Gojong, Book 3, September 21st, 1866 (고종실록) / Byeong-in Journal (병인일기) and Jungjok-Mountain Fortress Combat Fact(정족산성접전사실) by Yang Heon-su and 6 more
^ "Expédition de Corée en 1866, <<Le Spectateur militaire>> (Ch. Martin, 1883) P265
^ "Joseon Naval's Appointment & Operations". Google Arts & Culture. Korea National Maritime Museum. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
^ Pierre-Emmanuel Roux, La Croix, la baleine et le canon: La France face à la Corée au milieu du XIXe siècle, p. 231-275.

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[1] Medzini, Meron (1971). French Policy in Japan During the Closing Years of the Tokugawa Regime. Harvard University Asia Center. p. 144. ISBN 978-0-674-32230-1. Retrieved 22 April 2020.

[2] Seth, Michael J. (2016). Routledge Handbook of Modern Korean History. Routledge. p. 45. ISBN 978-1-317-81149-7. Retrieved 15 January 2020.

[3] Annals of Joseon Dynasty, Gojong, Book 3, September 21st, 1866 (고종실록) / Byeong-in Journal (병인일기) and Jungjok-Mountain Fortress Combat Fact(정족산성접전사실) by Yang Heon-su and 6 more

[4] "Expédition de Corée en 1866, <<Le Spectateur militaire>> (Ch. Martin, 1883) P265

[5] "Joseon Naval's Appointment & Operations". Google Arts & Culture. Korea National Maritime Museum. Retrieved 8 August 2023.

[7] Pierre-Emmanuel Roux, La Croix, la baleine et le canon: La France face à la Corée au milieu du XIXe siècle, p. 231-275.

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Korean name
Hangul	병인양요
Hanja	丙寅洋擾
Revised Romanization	Byeong-in yangyo
McCune–Reischauer	Pyŏng'in yangyo