GB 2312

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GB/T 2312-1980 is a key official character set of the People's Republic of China, used for Simplified Chinese characters. GB2312 is the registered internet name for EUC-CN, which is its usual encoded form. GB refers to the Guobiao standards (国家标准), whereas the T suffix (推荐; tuījiàn; 'recommendation') denotes a non-mandatory standard.^[1]

GB/T 2312-1980 was originally a mandatory national standard designated GB 2312-1980. However, following a National Standard Bulletin of the People's Republic of China in 2017, GB 2312 is no longer mandatory, and its standard code is modified to GB/T 2312-1980.^[2] GB/T 2312-1980 has been superseded by GBK and GB 18030, which include additional characters, but GB/T 2312 remains in widespread use as a subset of those encodings.

As of September 2022^[update], GB2312 is the second-most popular encoding served from China and territories (after UTF-8), with 5.5% of web servers serving a page declaring it.^[3] Globally, GB2312 is declared on 0.1% of all web pages.^[4] However, all major web browsers decode GB2312-marked documents as if they were marked with the superset GBK encoding, except for Safari and Edge on the label GB_2312.^[5]

There is an analogous character set known as GB/T 12345 Code of Chinese ideogram set for information interchange supplementary set, which supplements GB/T 2312 with traditional character forms by replacing simplified forms in their qūwèi code, and some extra 62 supplemental characters.^[6][7] GB-encoded fonts often come in pairs, one with the GB/T 2312 (simplified) character set and the other with the GB/T 12345 (traditional) character set. There exists more GB supplementary encoding sets that supplements GB/T 2312, including GB/T 7589 Code of Chinese ideograms set forinformation interchange--The 2nd supplementary set and GB/T 7590 Code of Chinese ideograms set forinformation interchange--The 4th supplementary set which provides additional [Variant Chinese characters|variant characters] in the same qūwèi encoding format (later used in ISO-2022-CN), but has no relation with characters encoded in GB/T 2312.