Back غاريفونيون Arabic جاريفينيين ARZ Гарыфуны Byelorussian Garifuna Breton Garifunes Catalan Garífuna Czech Garifuna German Garífuna (etnia) Spanish Garifuna (etnia) Basque Garifunat Finnish
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| c. 400,000 (2011)[1] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Honduras | 200,000 (2003)[1] |
| United States | c. 200,000 (2011)[1] |
| Belize | 15,000 (2003)[1] |
| Guatemala | 5,000 (2003)[1] |
| Nicaragua | 2,000 (2003)[1] |
| Saint Vincent | 1,100–2,000 (1984)[2]: 3 |
| Languages | |
| Garifuna, Vincentian Creole, Spanish, Belizean Creole, English | |
| Religion | |
| Primarily Roman Catholic with syncretic Garifuna practices (e.g. Dugu ceremony). Rastafari and other Christian denominations minorities. | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Pardo, Kalinago, Afro-Caribbean people, Afro-Latin Americans, Taíno | |
The Garifuna people (/ˌɡɑːriːˈfuːnə/ GAR-ee-FOO-nə[3][4] or Spanish pronunciation: [ɡa'ɾifuna]; pl. Garínagu[5] in Garifuna)[a] are a people of mixed free African and Amerindian ancestry that originated in the Caribbean island of Saint Vincent and speak Garifuna, an Arawakan language, and Vincentian Creole.
The Garifuna are the descendants of indigenous Arawak, Kalinago (Island Carib), and Afro-Caribbean people. The founding population of the Central American diaspora, estimated at 2,500 to 5,000 persons, were transplanted to the Central American coast[where?] from the British West Indies island of Saint Vincent,[7] which was known to the Garinagu as Yurumein,[8] in the Windward Islands of the Lesser Antilles. Small Garifuna communities still live in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. The Garifuna diaspora abroad includes communities in Honduras, in the United States, and in Belize.
- ^ a b c d e f Agudelo, Carlos (2011). "Los garifunas, identidades y reivindicaciones de un pueblo afrodescendiente de América Central". Afrodescendencia: Aproximaciones contemporáneas desde América Latina y el Caribe (PDF) (in Spanish). pp. 59–66. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 August 2016. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
- ^ Crawford, Michael H. (1984). "Problems and Hypotheses: An Introduction". In Crawford, Michael H. (ed.). Current Developments in Anthropological Genetics. Black Caribs A Case Study in Biocultural Adaptation. Vol. 3. Springer-Verlag. pp. 1–9. doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-2649-6. ISBN 978-1-4613-2649-6. S2CID 46373360.
- ^ "Garifuna". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 1 February 2020.
- ^ "Garifuna". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
- ^ Remembering How Anthony Bourdain Advocated for Latinos Published June 8, 2018, retrieved June 15, 2018
- ^ Haurholm-Larsen, Steffen (22 September 2016). A Grammar of Garifuna (PDF) (PhD). University of Bern. p. 6.
- ^ Crawford, MH; Gonzalez, NL; Schanfield, MS; Dykes, DD; Skradski, K; Polesky, HF (February 1981). "The Black Caribs (Garifuna) of Livingston, Guatemala: Genetic Markers and Admixture Estimates". Human Biology. 53 (1): 87–103. JSTOR 41464596. PMID 7239494.
- ^ Raussert, Wilfried (6 January 2017). The Routledge Companion to Inter-American Studies. Taylor & Francis. p. 390. ISBN 978-1-317-29065-0.
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