| General Statistics | |
|---|---|
| Maternal mortality (per 100,000) | 190 (2010) |
| Women in parliament | 53%(2015) |
| Women over 25 with secondary education | 39.8% (2010) |
| Women in labour force | 64.1% (2011) |
| Gender Inequality Index[1] | |
| Value | 0.418 (2021) |
| Rank | 117th out of 191 |
| Global Gender Gap Index[2] | |
| Value | 0.734 (2022) |
| Rank | 51st out of 146 |
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| Women in society |
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Although the Constitution of Bolivia guarantees equal rights for women and men, women in Bolivia face struggles and discrimination in several aspects of their lives. According to the Human Development Report published by the Office of the United Nations Development Programme, in Bolivia "men receive more and better education than women, receive increased and better health assistance than women, and have the possibility to generate greater income while working less...if we consider that women, as opposed to men, also have...the almost exclusive responsibility for domestic work".[3] According to a study by the Pan American Health Organization conducted in twelve Latin American countries, Bolivia has the highest prevalence of domestic violence against women among these countries.[4] Bolivian women are also exposed to excessive machismo, being utilized as promotional tools in popular advertising which solidifies stereotypes and assumptions about women.[5]
Maternal mortality and illiteracy among women are some of the highest rates in the world.[3][6] Since men are generally more educated than women, especially among the indigenous population, the high illiteracy rate make it difficult for women to learn the dominant language Spanish which disables them to participate in the labor market.[7] In the informal economy, Bolivia has about 65 percent of international migration workers, which is one of the highest in Latin America.[8] There is limited access to healthcare. In 1992–1993, the annual rates of mortality of children aged less than 5 years, were 205.5 per 1,000 and 98.5 per 1,000.[9]
- ^ "Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF). HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORTS. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
- ^ "Global Gender Gap Report 2022" (PDF). World Economic Forum. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
- ^ a b "The Situation of Women in Bolivia". UNICEF. Archived from the original on 10 October 2016. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
- ^ "Violence against women in Latin America and the Caribbean: A comparative analysis of population-based data from 12 countries". Pan American Health Organization. Archived from the original on 2015-04-02. Pdf.
- ^ Lynn Walter (2001). Women's rights: a global view. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-313-30890-1.
- ^ "Gender equality and social institutions in Bolivia". Social Institutions and Gender Index. Archived from the original on 8 June 2017. Retrieved 26 February 2012.
- ^ Hippert, Christine (November–December 2011). "Women's spaces, gender mainstreaming, and development priorities: Popular participation as gendered work in rural Bolivia". Women's Studies International Forum. 34 (6): 498–508. doi:10.1016/j.wsif.2011.07.004.
- ^ Unidad de Analisis de politicas sociales y economicas (UDAPE). 2003. "Crisis, Crecimineto y Pobreza." La Paz: UDAPE.
- ^ Perry, Henry B.; Shanklin, David S.; Schroeder, Dirk G. (December 2003). "Impact of a community-based comprehensive primary healthcare programme on infant and child mortality in Bolivia". Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition. 21 (4): 383–395. PMID 15038594. Archived from the original on 2020-10-20. Retrieved 2015-04-02.
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