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Geology of Finland

Map showing the large-scale geological units of Finland. The Scandinavian Caledonides (1) are shown in green. The Kola Domain (Lapland Granulite Belt and Inari Complex) can be seen in blue (2).The Karelian Domain (3) is orange coloured while the Svecofennian orogen (4) is shown in violet. Areas younger than the Svecofennian orogen (chiefly rapakivi granite and Jotnian sediments) are in white (5).

The geology of Finland is made up of a mix of geologically very young and very old materials. Common rock types are orthogneiss, granite, metavolcanics and metasedimentary rocks. On top of these lies a widespread thin layer of unconsolidated deposits formed in connection to the Quaternary ice ages, for example eskers, till and marine clay. The topographic relief is rather subdued because mountain massifs were worn down to a peneplain long ago.

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