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George Lakoff | |
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 Lakoff, 2012 | |
| Born | George Philip Lakoff May 24, 1941 Bayonne, New Jersey, U.S. |
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| Scientific career | |
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| Institutions | University of California, Berkeley |
| Doctoral advisor | Fred Householder |
| Website | george-lakoff |
George Philip Lakoff (/ˈleɪkɒf/ LAY-kof; born May 24, 1941) is an American cognitive linguist and philosopher, best known for his thesis that people's lives are significantly influenced by the conceptual metaphors they use to explain complex phenomena.
The conceptual metaphor thesis, introduced in his and Mark Johnson's 1980 book Metaphors We Live By has found applications in a number of academic disciplines. Applying it to politics, literature, philosophy and mathematics has led Lakoff into territory normally considered basic to political science. In his 1996 book Moral Politics, Lakoff described conservative voters as being influenced by the "strict father model" as a central metaphor for such a complex phenomenon as the state, and liberal/progressive voters as being influenced by the "nurturant parent model" as the folk psychological metaphor for this complex phenomenon. According to him, an individual's experience and attitude towards sociopolitical issues is influenced by being framed in linguistic constructions. In Metaphor and War: The Metaphor System Used to Justify War in the Gulf (1991), he argues that the American involvement in the Gulf War was obscured or "spun" by the metaphors which were used by the first Bush administration to justify it.[1] Between 2003 and 2008, Lakoff was involved with a progressive think tank, the now defunct Rockridge Institute.[2][3]
Lakoff is a member of the scientific committee of the Fundación IDEAS (IDEAS Foundation), Spain's Socialist Party's think tank. The more general theory that elaborated his thesis is known as embodied mind. Lakoff served as a professor of linguistics at the University of California, Berkeley, from 1972 until his retirement in 2016.[4] He was married to linguist Robin Lakoff.[5]
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Lakoff, George (1991). "Metaphor and War: The Metaphor System Used to Justify War in the Gulf". The Sixties Project. Retrieved October 4, 2018.
The most natural way to justify a war on moral grounds is to fit this fairy tale structure to a given situation. This is done by metaphorical definition, that is, by answering the questions: Who is the victim? Who is the villain? Who is the hero? What is the crime? What counts as victory? Each set of answers provides a different filled-out scenario. [...] As the gulf crisis developed, President Bush tried to justify going to war by the use of such a scenario. At first, he couldn't get his story straight. What happened was that he was using two different sets of metaphorical definitions, which resulted in two different scenarios [...].
- ^ "George Lakoff". Rockridge Institute. Archived from the original on June 11, 2007. Retrieved June 13, 2007.
- ^ Lakoff, George (2002). Moral Politics: How Liberals and Conservatives Think. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-46771-6.
- ^ White, Daphne (May 2, 2017). "Berkeley author George Lakoff says, 'Don't underestimate Trump'". Berkeleyside.com.
- ^ Lakoff, Robin Tolmach (May 22, 2000). The Language War. University of California Press. doi:10.1525/9780520928077. ISBN 978-0-520-92807-7.
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