Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

Her Excellency Gloria Macapagal Arroyo DK, CYC
Arroyo in 2006
14th President of the Philippines
In office January 20, 2001 – June 30, 2010
Vice President	None (January 20–February 7, 2001) Teofisto Guingona (2001–2004) Noli de Castro (2004–2010)
Preceded by	Joseph Estrada
Succeeded by	Benigno Aquino III
10th Vice President of the Philippines
In office June 30, 1998 – January 20, 2001
President	Joseph Estrada
Preceded by	Joseph Estrada
Succeeded by	Teofisto Guingona Jr.
21st Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines
In office July 23, 2018 – June 30, 2019
President	Rodrigo Roa Duterte
Preceded by	Pantaleon Alvarez
Succeeded by	Alan Peter Cayetano
Secretary of National Defense
Officer-In-Charge November 30, 2006 – February 1, 2007
President	Herself
Preceded by	Avelino Cruz
Succeeded by	Hermogenes Ebdane
Acting September 1, 2003 – October 2, 2003
President	Herself
Preceded by	Angelo Reyes
Succeeded by	Eduardo Ermita
21st Secretary of Social Welfare and Development
In office June 30, 1998 – October 12, 2000
President	Joseph Estrada
Preceded by	Lilian Laigo
Succeeded by	Dulce Saguisag
Senator of the Philippines
In office June 30, 1992 – June 30, 1998[a]
Senior Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines
In office July 25, 2022 – May 17, 2023 Serving with several others
House Speaker	Martin Romualdez
Succeeded by	Aurelio Gonzales Jr.
In office August 15, 2016 – March 15, 2017 Serving with several others
House Speaker	Pantaleon Alvarez
Preceded by	Roberto Puno
Succeeded by	Linabelle Villarica
Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines
In office May 17, 2023 – November 7, 2023 Serving with several others
Preceded by	Aurelio Gonzales Jr.
Succeeded by	Tonypet Albano
Member of the House of Representatives from Pampanga's 2nd district
Incumbent
Assumed office June 30, 2022
Preceded by	Mikey Arroyo
In office June 30, 2010 – June 30, 2019
Preceded by	Mikey Arroyo
Succeeded by	Mikey Arroyo
Presidential Adviser on Clark Flagship Programs and Projects
In office November 26, 2020 – October 4, 2021
President	Rodrigo Duterte
Undersecretary of the Department of Trade and Industry
In office 1987–1992
President	Corazon Aquino
Chair of the Lakas–CMD
In office 2008–2009
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Gilbert Teodoro
Personal details
Born	Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal (1947-04-05) April 5, 1947 (age 77) San Juan, Rizal, Philippines
Political party	Lakas–CMD (2008–2017; 2020–present)[1]
Other political affiliations	PDP–Laban (2017–2020)[2] Lakas–NUCD (1998–2008) KAMPI (1997–2008) LDP (1992–1998)
Spouse	Jose Miguel Arroyo ​ (m. 1968)​
Children	3, including Mikey and Dato
Parents	Diosdado Macapagal (father) Eva Macapagal (mother)
Alma mater	Georgetown University Assumption College San Lorenzo (BA) Ateneo de Manila University (MEcon) University of the Philippines Diliman (PhD)
Occupation	Politician
Profession	Economist College Professor
Signature

This article is part of a series about Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
Early life Family 14th President of the Philippines Policies Foreign policy International trips Iraq War Visiting forces agreement US designation of the Philippines as a major non-NATO ally ASEAN Charter First term EDSA II 1st inauguration Presidency EDSA III Operation Freedom Eagle Oakwood mutiny Fertilizer Fund scam Second term 2004 Philippine presidential election Hello Garci scandal 2nd inauguration Hacienda Luisita massacre 2004 SuperFerry 14 bombing Executive Order 464 2006 state of emergency East Asian Energy Security Manila Peninsula siege Batasang Pambansa bombing Euro Generals scandal NBN/ZTE scandal 2009 flu pandemic in the Philippines Ketsana (Ondoy) Maguindanao massacre Senator of the Philippines Philippine Senator Vice President of the Philippines 1998 Philippine general election DSWD secretary Post-Presidency Member of the House of Representatives from Pampanga's 2nd district 2010 House of Representatives election, 2013, 2016 2011 hospital arrest 2016 Supreme Court acquittal Deputy Speaker Speaker
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Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal-Arroyo (Tagalog: [ˈɡloɾja makapaˈɡal ʔaˈɾojo]; born April 5, 1947^[3]), often referred to by her initials PGMA and GMA, is a Filipino academic and politician who previously served as the 14th President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2010. She is the longest serving president of the Philippines since Ferdinand Marcos. Before her accession to the presidency, she served as the 10th Vice President of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001 under President Joseph Ejercito Estrada, making her the country's first female vice president, despite having run on an opposing ticket. She was also a Senator from 1992 to 1998. After her presidency, she was elected as the Representative of Pampanga's 2nd district in 2010 and later became the Speaker of the House of Representatives on 2018 to 2019. She was also serving in the congress as a Deputy Speaker from 2016 to 2017 and from 2022 until 2023. She is one of the only 2 Filipinos to hold at least three of the four highest offices in the country: vice president, president, and house speaker, alongside former President Sergio Osmeña.^[4]

The daughter of former president Diosdado Macapagal, she studied economics at Georgetown University in the United States, where she began a lasting friendly relationship with her classmate and future U.S. president Bill Clinton.^[5] She then became a professor of economics at Ateneo de Manila University, where her eventual successor, President Benigno Aquino III, was one of her students. She entered government in 1987, serving as the assistant secretary and undersecretary of the Department of Trade and Industry upon the invitation of President Corazon Aquino, Benigno's mother.

After Estrada was accused of corruption, Arroyo resigned her cabinet position as secretary of the Department of Social Welfare and Development and joined the growing opposition against the president, who faced impeachment. Estrada was soon forced out from office by the Second EDSA Revolution in 2001, and Arroyo was sworn into the presidency by Chief Justice Hilario Davide, Jr. on January 20 that year. In 2003, the Oakwood mutiny occurred after signs of a martial law declaration were seen under her rule.^[6][7] She was elected to a full six-year term in the controversial 2004 presidential election, and was sworn in on June 30, 2004. A long-time opponent of the death penalty,^[8] she abolished capital punishment in 2006 after commuting the death sentences of over 1,200 prisoners.^[9][10] Following her presidency, she was elected to the House of Representatives through her home district, making her the second Philippine president—after José P. Laurel—to pursue a lower office after their presidency.

On November 18, 2011, Arroyo was arrested and held at the Veterans Memorial Medical Center in Quezon City under charges of electoral sabotage^[11][12] but released on bail in July 2012. These charges were later dropped for lack of evidence. She was rearrested in October 2012 on false charges of misuse of $8.8 million in state lottery funds.^[13] She was given a hospital arrest due to life-threatening health conditions certified by her doctors.^[14] During the presidency of Rodrigo Duterte, the Supreme Court acquitted her by a vote of 11–4.^[15] Also, the Supreme Court declared the Department of Justice's 'hold departure orders' unconstitutional.^[16][17] Arroyo's lawyers stated afterward that she no longer needed her medical paraphernalia, releasing her from the hospital.^[18]

Arroyo is a member of the Philippine Academy of the Spanish Language^[19] and supported the teaching of Spanish in the country's education system during her presidency.^[20]

On July 23, 2018, Arroyo was elected speaker of the House of Representatives during the Duterte administration, controversially^[21] replacing Pantaleon Alvarez.^[22] She spearheaded various controversial bills, including a bill that sought to lower the age of criminal liability to 12 years old.^[23]

Arroyo is the first president to succeed the presidency as the child of a previous president; her father was Diosdado Macapagal, who served as the country's ninth president between from 1961 to 1965.^[24]

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