Gloster Gladiator

Gladiator Sea Gladiator
A Gloster Gladiator in RAF markings
Role	Fighter Type of aircraft
National origin	United Kingdom
Manufacturer	Gloster Aircraft Company, Ltd.
Designer	Henry Phillip Folland
First flight	12 September 1934
Introduction	23 February 1937
Retired	1953 (Portugal)
Primary users	Royal Air Force Fleet Air Arm Chinese Nationalist Air Force Finnish Air Force Norwegian Army Air Service Royal Egyptian Air Force
Number built	747
Developed from	Gloster Gauntlet

The Gloster Gladiator is a British biplane fighter. It was used by the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the Fleet Air Arm (FAA) (as the Sea Gladiator variant) and was exported to a number of other air forces during the late 1930s.

Developed privately as the Gloster SS.37, it was the RAF's last biplane fighter aircraft, and was rendered obsolescent by newer monoplane designs even as it was being introduced. Though often pitted against more advanced fighters during the early days of the Second World War, it acquitted itself reasonably well in combat.

The Gladiator saw action in almost all theatres during the Second World War, with a large number of air forces, some of them on the Axis side. The RAF used it in France, Norway, Greece, the defence of Malta, the Middle East, and the brief Anglo-Iraqi War (during which the Royal Iraqi Air Force was similarly equipped). Other countries deploying the Gladiator included China against Japan, beginning in 1938; Finland (along with Swedish volunteers) against the Soviet Union in the Winter War and the Continuation War; Sweden as a neutral noncombatant (although Swedish volunteers fought for Finland against USSR as stated above); and Norway, Belgium, and Greece resisting Axis invasion of their respective lands.

South African pilot Marmaduke "Pat" Pattle was the top Gladiator ace with 15 victories with the type.^[1][2]