Glucocorticoid receptor

NR3C1
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1M2Z, 1NHZ, 1P93, 3BQD, 3CLD, 3E7C, 3H52, 3K22, 3K23, 4CSJ, 4HN5, 4HN6, 4LSJ, 4MDD, 4P6W, 4P6X, 5CBY, 5CBX, 4UDC, 4UDD, 5CBZ, 5CC1, 5EMQ, 5EMC, 5EMP
Identifiers
Aliases	NR3C1, GCCR, GCR, GCRST, GR, GRL, nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1, Glucocorticoid Receptor
External IDs	OMIM: 138040; MGI: 95824; HomoloGene: 30960; GeneCards: NR3C1; OMA:NR3C1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 5 (human)
End	143,435,512 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 18 (mouse)
End	39,652,474 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	endothelial cell; ; tibia; ; Brodmann area 23; ; superficial temporal artery; ; visceral pleura; ; synovial joint; ; nipple; ; parietal pleura; ; Achilles tendon; ; trabecular bone;
	Top expressed in
	median eminence; ; left lung; ; ankle; ; left lung lobe; ; medial dorsal nucleus; ; ciliary body; ; triceps brachii muscle; ; arcuate nucleus; ; intercostal muscle; ; iris;
	More reference expression data
	; ; ; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	steroid hormone binding; DNA binding; sequence-specific DNA binding; DNA-binding transcription factor activity; zinc ion binding; DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; glucocorticoid receptor activity; nuclear receptor activity; metal ion binding; RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding; steroid hormone receptor activity; steroid binding; protein binding; lipid binding; RNA binding; SUMO binding; Hsp90 protein binding; DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; protein kinase binding;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; nucleoplasm; mitochondrial matrix; mitochondrion; nucleus; cytoskeleton; spindle; microtubule organizing center; cytosol; nuclear speck; protein-containing complex;
Biological process	cellular response to steroid hormone stimulus; regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway; transcription by RNA polymerase II; transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter; glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway; signal transduction; steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway; cell cycle; cell division; apoptotic process; chromosome segregation; negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; transcription, DNA-templated; cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus; cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus; positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; cellular response to glucocorticoid stimulus; chromatin organization; positive regulation of pri-miRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	2908
	14815
	ENSG00000113580
	ENSMUSG00000024431
	P04150; Q3MSN4
	P06537
NM_000176; NM_001018074; NM_001018075; NM_001018076; NM_001018077;
	NM_001020825; NM_001024094; NM_001204258; NM_001204259; NM_001204260; NM_001204261; NM_001204262; NM_001204263; NM_001204264; NM_001204265; NM_001364180; NM_001364181; NM_001364182; NM_001364183; NM_001364184; NM_001364185
	NM_008173; NM_001361209; NM_001361210; NM_001361211; NM_001361212
NP_000167; NP_001018084; NP_001018085; NP_001018086; NP_001018087;
	NP_001018661; NP_001019265; NP_001191187; NP_001191188; NP_001191189; NP_001191190; NP_001191191; NP_001191192; NP_001191193; NP_001191194; NP_001351109; NP_001351110; NP_001351111; NP_001351112; NP_001351113; NP_001351114; NP_000167.1; NP_001018084.1; NP_001018085.1; NP_001018086.1; NP_001018087.1; NP_001018661.1; NP_001019265.1; NP_001191187.1; NP_001191188.1; NP_001191189.1; NP_001191190.1; NP_001191191.1; NP_001191192.1; NP_001191193.1
	NP_001348138; NP_001348139; NP_001348140; NP_001348141; NP_032199
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

The glucocorticoid receptor (GR or GCR) also known as NR3C1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1) is the receptor to which cortisol and other glucocorticoids bind.

The GR is expressed in almost every cell in the body and regulates genes controlling the development, metabolism, and immune response. Because the receptor gene is expressed in several forms, it has many different (pleiotropic) effects in different parts of the body.

When glucocorticoids bind to GR, its primary mechanism of action is the regulation of gene transcription.^[5]^[6] The unbound receptor resides in the cytosol of the cell. After the receptor is bound to glucocorticoid, the receptor-glucocorticoid complex can take either of two paths. The activated GR complex up-regulates the expression of anti-inflammatory proteins in the nucleus or represses the expression of pro-inflammatory proteins in the cytosol (by preventing the translocation of other transcription factors from the cytosol into the nucleus).

In humans, the GR protein is encoded by NR3C1 gene which is located on chromosome 5 (5q31).^[7]^[8]

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000113580 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000024431 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Lu NZ, Wardell SE, Burnstein KL, Defranco D, Fuller PJ, Giguere V, et al. (December 2006). "International Union of Pharmacology. LXV. The pharmacology and classification of the nuclear receptor superfamily: glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, progesterone, and androgen receptors". Pharmacological Reviews. 58 (4): 782–797. doi:10.1124/pr.58.4.9. PMID 17132855. S2CID 28626145. [Free full text]
^ Rhen T, Cidlowski JA (October 2005). "Antiinflammatory action of glucocorticoids--new mechanisms for old drugs". The New England Journal of Medicine. 353 (16): 1711–1723. doi:10.1056/NEJMra050541. PMID 16236742. S2CID 5744727.
^ Hollenberg SM, Weinberger C, Ong ES, Cerelli G, Oro A, Lebo R, et al. (December 1985). "Primary structure and expression of a functional human glucocorticoid receptor cDNA". Nature. 318 (6047): 635–641. Bibcode:1985Natur.318..635H. doi:10.1038/318635a0. PMC 6165583. PMID 2867473.
^ Francke U, Foellmer BE (May 1989). "The glucocorticoid receptor gene is in 5q31-q32 [corrected]". Genomics. 4 (4): 610–612. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(89)90287-5. PMID 2744768.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000113580 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000024431 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Lu-5] Lu NZ, Wardell SE, Burnstein KL, Defranco D, Fuller PJ, Giguere V, et al. (December 2006). "International Union of Pharmacology. LXV. The pharmacology and classification of the nuclear receptor superfamily: glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, progesterone, and androgen receptors". Pharmacological Reviews. 58 (4): 782–797. doi:10.1124/pr.58.4.9. PMID 17132855. S2CID 28626145. [Free full text]

[pmid16236742-6] Rhen T, Cidlowski JA (October 2005). "Antiinflammatory action of glucocorticoids--new mechanisms for old drugs". The New England Journal of Medicine. 353 (16): 1711–1723. doi:10.1056/NEJMra050541. PMID 16236742. S2CID 5744727.

[pmid2867473-7] Hollenberg SM, Weinberger C, Ong ES, Cerelli G, Oro A, Lebo R, et al. (December 1985). "Primary structure and expression of a functional human glucocorticoid receptor cDNA". Nature. 318 (6047): 635–641. Bibcode:1985Natur.318..635H. doi:10.1038/318635a0. PMC 6165583. PMID 2867473.

[pmid2744768-8] Francke U, Foellmer BE (May 1989). "The glucocorticoid receptor gene is in 5q31-q32 [corrected]". Genomics. 4 (4): 610–612. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(89)90287-5. PMID 2744768.

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