Golden Square (Iraq)

Golden Square
المربع الذهبي
Leader	Salah al-Din al-Sabbagh Kamil Shabib Fahmi Said Mahmud Salman
Dates of operation	1930 (1930)–1941 (1941)
Country	Iraq
Motives	Overthrow of the Kingdom of Iraq
Headquarters	Baghdad
Ideology	Arab nationalism Fascism Nazism
Political position	Far-right
Notable attacks	1941 Iraqi coup d'état
Part of	Axis Powers
Allies	National Brotherhood Party  Nazi Germany  Fascist Italy
Opponents	British Empire Hashemites
Battles and wars	Anglo-Iraqi War

The Golden Square (Arabic: المربع الذهبي, al-Murabbaʿ al-dhahabī) or Four Colonels (Arabic: العقداء الأربعة, al-ʿiqdā' al-arbaʿa) was a cabal of pro-fascist and pro-Nazi army officers of the Iraqi armed forces who played a part in Iraqi politics throughout the 1930s and early 1940s. They conspired to overthrow the Hashemite monarchy in Iraq and expel the British presence in Iraq. The activities of the Golden Square culminated in supporting Rashid Ali al-Gaylani in his overthrow of government in 1941,^[1] briefly instituting the Golden Square National Defense Government. However, the Anglo-Iraqi War resulted in the disbandment of the Golden Square.