Back الأزمة الشرقية الكبرى Arabic Източна криза Bulgarian Velká východní krize Czech Balkankrise German Μεγάλη Ανατολική Κρίση Greek Suur idakriis Estonian Balkanin kriisi Finnish Grande Crise Orientale French המשבר המזרחי הגדול HE Balkán-válság Hungarian
| Great Eastern Crisis (1875–1878) | |||||||||
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| Part of the rise of nationalism in the Ottoman Empire and of the Great Game | |||||||||
 Serbian soldiers attacking the Ottoman army at Mramor, 1877 | |||||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||||
| Supported by: |
Imamate rebels Abkhazian rebels Supported by: | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
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 281,000[2] | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
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30,000 killed,[6] 90,000 died from wounds and diseases[6] | |||||||||
| Rise of nationalism in the Balkans Nationalism under the Ottoman Empire |
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| Events leading to World War I |
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The Great Eastern Crisis of 1875–1878 began in the Ottoman Empire's administrative territories in the Balkan Peninsula in 1875, with the outbreak of several uprisings and wars that resulted in the intervention of international powers, and was ended with the Treaty of Berlin in July 1878.
The war is referred to differently in various languages of the peoples involved in it due to differing sociocultural backgrounds. In Serbo-Croatian and Turkish, the war is likewise referred to as Velika istočna kriza ("Great Eastern Crisis") and Şark Buhranı ("Eastern Crisis") respectively. However, the occasionally used Turkish name Ramazan Kararnamesi ("Decree of Ramadan") refers specifically to the sovereign default declared on 30 October 1875 in historiography while 93 Harbi ("War of 93") refers to the Russo-Turkish War (the year 1293 of the Islamic Rumi calendar corresponding to the year 1877 on the Gregorian calendar).
- ^ Timothy C. Dowling. Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond. ABC-CLIO, 2014. p. 748
- ^ Mernikov, A. G.; Spektor, A. A. (2005). Всемирная история войн [World History of Wars] (in Russian). Minsk, Belarus: Харвест.
- ^ Urlanis, Boris (1960). Войны в период домонополистического капитализма [Wars during the period of pre-monopoly capitalism]. Войны и народонаселение Европы. Людские потери вооруженных сил европейских стран в войнах XVII—XX вв. (Историко-статистическое исследование) [Wars and population of Europe: Human losses of the armed forces of European countries in the wars of the 17th—20th centuries (Historical and statistical research)] (in Russian). Minsk: Sotsekgiz. pp. 104–105, 129 § 4.
- ^ Scafes, Cornel, et al., Armata Romania in Razvoiul de Independenta 1877–1878 [The Romanian Army in the War of Independence 1877–1878]. Bucuresti, Editura Sigma, 2002, p. 149 (Romence)
- ^ a b Boris Urlanis, Войны и народонаселение Европы [Wars and population of Europe], Part II, Chapter II
- ^ a b Mernikov, A. G.; Spektor, A. A. (2005). Всемирная история войн [World History of Wars] (in Russian). Minsk, Belarus: Харвест. ISBN 985-13-2607-0.
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