Great Raid of 1840

Great Raid of 1840
Part of the Indian Wars
Location of Linville and Victoria
Date August 7, 1840 Location Victoria and Linnville, Texas Result Comanche victory
Belligerents
Texians	Comanche
Commanders and leaders
Mathew Caldwell, Edward Burleson	Buffalo Hump
Strength
Approximately 100	Unknown; estimates, c. 400
Casualties and losses
20 civilians killed[1]	35 killed, 29 caught and imprisoned

The Great Raid of 1840 was the largest raid ever mounted by Native Americans on white cities in what is now the United States.^[3] It followed the Council House Fight, in which Republic of Texas officials attempted to capture and take prisoner 33 Comanche chiefs and their wives, who had earlier promised to deliver 13 white captives they had kidnapped.^[4] Because of the poor amount this Penateka band of Southern Comanche received for the ransom of nine year old James Putnam weeks before, they only brought a 16-year-old Matilda Lockhart.^{[5] [6]}Just as they had done to the Mexican's and Santa Fe'ans for nearly a century, the Penaketa wanted to ensure they'd received a higher payment before ransoming the other whites they had abducted.^[7] This tactic, together with the terrible treatement they had wrought on Miss Lockhart backfired and the Indians found themselves taken hostage for a prisoner exchange.^[4] An attempt to escape, followed by the brandishing of knives, tomahawks the Comanche had secreted between their wives' blankets led to the massacre of all the male Indians except two elderly men, who along with the women were taken hostage.

In response to the killings and hostage taking, the southern Comanche, led by chief Buffalo Hump raised a huge war party of many of the bands of the Comanche, and raided deep into white-settled areas of Southeast Texas stealing horses and taking more white captives.