Griekwa | |
---|---|
Total population | |
775,000 Coloured Afrikaans outside the Cape | |
Regions with significant populations | |
South Africa, Namibia | |
Languages | |
Xiri[1] | |
Religion | |
Christian Protestant denominations, particularly Dutch Reformed Calvinist | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Coloureds, Khoikhoi, Basters, Oorlam, Afrikaners, Tswana, Xhosa |
The Griqua people (also known as Griekwa ) are largely of the indigenous khoikhoi /Khoekhoe, an ethnic group found in South Africa and Namibia, The name Griqua (Griekwa in Afrikaans) is of Khoekhoe origin , meaning person or people. The Griqua are an indigenous Khoi clan mixed racially with Dutch and slaves from Asia and Africa.
Inc: Indigenous Struggles for Land and Autonomy in South Africa (Book) January 2015 SchweitzerE._GriquaInc._Excerpt.pdf</ref> The Griquas are a unique ethnic group of Southern Africa. They are South Africa's first multiracial nation.[2][3]
The Griquas are a subgroup of mixed-race heterogeneous former Xiri languages [1]-speaking nations in South Africa with a unique origin in the early history of the Dutch Cape Colony.[4] The Griquas had ancestors from two groups: the Koks and the Barendse. The Koks were mostly Khoikhoi, and the Barendse were a mix of Khoikhoi and European people (Griqua | South African History Online).[5] These predominantly Khoi indigenous people were reclassified as "Coloured" in the 1950s by the apartheid government.[6] They undertook a migration away from the Cape colony, forming two "Griqua States," formerly known as Griqualand West and later Griqualand East. However, Boer migration into Griqualand West prevented the Griquas from developing the area. In 1826 a group of emigrants from Griquatown under Adam Kok II was allowed to settle at the mission station of Philippolis in the Transgariep. This became the capital of a new Griqua Captaincy, which for several decades was an important factor in the politics of the Northern frontier and the cause of the British Government first becoming involved in the affairs of the area (Schoeman, K, 2002).[7] Similar to the Trekboers[8][9] (another Afrikaans-speaking group of the time), they originally populated the frontiers of the nascent Cape Colony (founded in 1652). The men of their semi-nomadic society formed commando units of mounted gunmen. Like the Boers they migrated inland from the Cape and in the 19th century established several states in what is now South Africa and Namibia. Under the supervise of Adam Kok I, they held ceremonies celebrating the virginity of their young daughters. (Griqua people AFRICA/101 Last Tribes) The Griqua, who originated through the interracial marriages and relations between the KhoiKhoi people and the European Colonists, consider themselves as being South Africa’s first multiracial nation with people descended directly from Dutch settlers in the Cape, and local peoples.[10]
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