Gujarat Sultanate

Sultanate of Gujarat
*Gujarāta Saltanata* (Gujarati)
Sultanate of Gujarat Gujarāta Saltanata (Gujarati)
1394–1573
	Gujarat Sultanate in 1525.
Capital	Anhilwad Patan (1407–1411); Ahmedabad (1411–1484, 1535–1573) Champaner (1484–1535)
Common languages	Persian (official) ; Middle Gujarati (Lingua franca)
Religion	Hinduism; Islam (official); Jainism
Government	Absolute Monarchy
Sultan
• 1407–1411	Muzaffar Shah I (first)
• 1561–1573, 1584	Muzaffar Shah III (last)
History
• Declared independence from Delhi Sultanate by Muzaffar Shah I	1394
• Annexed by Akbar	1573
Currency	Taka
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Delhi Sultanate
	Malwa Sultanate
Gujarat Subah
Today part of	India

The Gujarat Sultanate or Sultanate of Guzerat was a late medieval Indian kingdom in Western India, primarily in the present-day state of Gujarat. The kingdom was established in 1394 when Muzaffar Shah I, the Governor of Gujarat, declared independence from the Tughlaq dynasty of Delhi.^[2]

Following Timur's invasion of the Delhi Sultanate, Delhi was devastated and its rule weakened considerably, leading Muzaffar Shah to declare himself independent in 1394, and formally established the Sultanate. The next sultan, his grandson Ahmad Shah I, moved the capital to Ahmedabad in 1411. His successor Muhammad Shah II subdued most Rajput chieftains. The prosperity of the sultanate reached its zenith during the rule of Mahmud Begada. He also subdued most Gujarati Rajput chieftains and built a navy off the coast of Diu.

In 1509, the Portuguese Empire wrested Diu from the Sultanate in the Battle of Diu (1509). The Mughal emperor Humayun attacked Gujarat in 1535 and briefly occupied it, during which Bombay, Bassein & Daman would become a Portuguese colony, thereafter Bahadur Shah was killed by the Portuguese while making a deal in 1537. The end of the sultanate came in 1573, when Akbar annexed the Gujarat Sultanate into his empire. The last ruler, Muzaffar Shah III, was taken a prisoner to Agra. In 1583, he escaped from the prison, and with the help of the nobles, succeeded to regain the throne for a short period before being defeated by Akbar's minister Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khanan.^[3]

^ For a map of their territory, under "Ahmad Shahis" see: Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 147, map XIV.4 (f). ISBN 0226742210.
^ Dhir, Krishna S. (1 January 2022). Urdu: A Multidisciplinary Analysis. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 498. ISBN 978-81-208-4301-1.
^ Sudipta Mitra (2005). Gir Forest and the Saga of the Asiatic Lion. Indus Publishing. p. 14. ISBN 978-81-7387-183-2.

[1] For a map of their territory, under "Ahmad Shahis" see: Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 147, map XIV.4 (f). ISBN 0226742210.

[moti-2] Dhir, Krishna S. (1 January 2022). Urdu: A Multidisciplinary Analysis. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 498. ISBN 978-81-208-4301-1.

[Mitra2005-3] Sudipta Mitra (2005). Gir Forest and the Saga of the Asiatic Lion. Indus Publishing. p. 14. ISBN 978-81-7387-183-2.

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