Back گوۆیو (کتێب) CKB Promluvy ze států Czech Guoyu (Buch) German Guo Yu Spanish Discours des royaumes French דברי המדינות HE Kuo jü Hungarian 国語 (歴史書) Japanese გო იუი Georgian 국어 (역사서) Korean
| Author | unknown |
|---|---|
| Original title | 國語 |
| Language | Classical Chinese |
| Subject | History of Spring and Autumn period states |
Publication date | 4th century BC |
| Publication place | China |
| Guoyu | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Traditional Chinese | 國語 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 国语 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Guoyu (Chinese: 國語), usually translated Discourses of the States, is an ancient Chinese text that consists of a collection of speeches attributed to rulers and other men from the Spring and Autumn period (771–476 BC). It comprises a total of 240 speeches, ranging from the reign of King Mu of Zhou (r. 956–918 BC) to the execution of the Jin minister Zhibo in 453 BC.[1] The Guoyu was probably compiled beginning in the 5th century BC and continuing to the late 4th century BC. The earliest chapter of the compilation is the Discourses of Zhou.[2]
The text's author is unknown, but it is sometimes attributed to Zuo Qiuming, a contemporary of Confucius;[3][4][5] although as early as Jin dynasty, Fu Xuan objected to that attribution of authorship.[6]
- ^ Shih & Knechtges (2010), p. 308.
- ^ Chang, Boltz & Loewe (1993), p. 264.
- ^ Zhou, Jixu (May, 2011) "Confucius and Lao Zi" Their Differing Social Foundations and Cultures", Sino-Platonic Papers 211. p. 2
- ^ Sima Qian, Shiji, "Grand Historian's Autobiographical Postface". quote: "左丘失明，厥有國語"
- ^ Sima Qian, "Letter to Ren An", in Book of Han "Vol. 62 - Account of Sima Qian" quote: "左丘失明，厥有國語"
- ^ Kong Yingda, True Meaning of Chunqiu Zuozhuan "vol. 60" p. 20 of 146, quote: "傅玄云：《國語》非丘明所作。凡有共說一事而二文不同，必《國語》虛而《左傳》實，其言相反，不可強合也。" translation: "Fu Xuan said: '′Discourses of the States′ was not authored by Qiu Ming. Wherever they both narrate one thing yet their wordings differ, certainly ′Zuo tradition′['s narrative] is authentic while ′Discourses of the States′['s narrative] is spurious. The contradictory wordings cannot be forcibly reconciled.' "
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