This article is about the tenth Guru of Sikhism. For the recipient of the Victoria Cross, see Gobind Singh (VC). For the Malaysian politician, see Gobind Singh Deo.
Guru Gobind Singh
ਗੁਰੂ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਿੰਘ
Contemporary painting of Guru Gobind Singh (seated) found within a Dasam Granth manuscript of Anandpur Sahib
Guru Gobind Singh (Punjabi pronunciation:[gʊɾuːgoːbɪn̪d̪ᵊsɪ́ŋgᵊ]; born Gobind Das;[24][25][26][27][28][a] 22 December 1666 – 7 October 1708)[1][29] was the tenth and last human Sikh Guru.[9][b] He was a warrior, poet, and philosopher. In 1675, at the age of nine he was formally installed as the leader of the Sikhs after his father Guru Tegh Bahadur was executed by Emperor Aurangzeb.[9][c] His father was the ninth Sikh Guru. His four biological sons died during his lifetime – two in battle and two executed by the Mughal governor Wazir Khan.[35][36][37]
Among his notable contributions to Sikhism are founding the Sikh warrior community called Khalsa in 1699[4][38][39] and introducing the Five Ks, the five articles of faith that Khalsa Sikhs wear at all times. Guru Gobind Singh is credited with the Dasam Granth whose hymns are a sacred part of Sikh prayers and Khalsa rituals.[40][41] He is also credited as the one who finalized and enshrined the Guru Granth Sahib as Sikhism's primary holy religious scripture and the eternal Guru.[42][43]
^ abGanda Singh. "Gobind Singh, Guru (1666–1708)". Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Punjabi University Patiala. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
^Cite error: The named reference dalbirsingh144 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Singh, Harbans (1992–1998). The encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Vol. 4. Patiala: Punjabi University. pp. 463–464. ISBN9788173805301.
^ abCite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Dilgeer, Harjinder Singh (1997). The Sikh Reference Book. Sikh Educational Trust for Sikh University Centre, Denmark. p. 94. ISBN9780969596424. Some Sikhs, out of ignorance, began using " deh shiva bar mohe ihai shubh karman te kabhoon na taron ... " as the Sikh national anthem.
^ abcGandhi, Surjit Singh (2007). History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606-1708 C.E. Vol. 2. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. pp. 833–834. ISBN9788126908585. Cite error: The named reference ":0" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
^Williams, Victoria (2016). "Dastaar Bandi and Amrit Sanchar, Sikhism". Celebrating life customs around the world : from baby showers to funerals. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 70. ISBN978-1-4408-3658-9. OCLC956633929. During the ceremony the amrit is accompanied by a solemn oath in the presence of Sri Guru Granth Sahib and Panj Pyare, or the five beloved ones. Panj Pyare is a quintet of initiated Sikh men or women that act as leaders within the Sikh community. The Panj Pyare oversee the Amrit Sanchar ceremony by preparing the initiates and administering the amrit to those ready to be initiated
^Singh, Balawindara (2004). Fifty-Two Commandments Of Guru Gobind Singh. Michigan, US: Singh Bros. p. 9.
^Singh, Satbir (1991). Aad Sikh Te Aad Sakhian. Jalandhar: New Book Company.
^"What is the kirpan?". World Sikh Organization of Canada. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
^Grewal 1998, p. 70: "Though historians generally refer to the young Gobind as Gobind Rai, in the hukamnamas of Guru Tegh Bahadur he is referred to as Gobind Das."
^Cole, W. Owen (2004). Understanding Sikhism. Dunedin Academic Press Ltd. p. 68. ISBN978-1-906716-91-2. Guru Gobind Singh's name was Gobind Das or sometimes said to be Gobind Rai, but from the founding of the Khalsa he is known to be Guru Gobind Singh.
^McLeod, W. H. (1997). Sikhism. Penguin Books. p. 47. ISBN978-0-14-025260-6. Gobind Das was the original name of the Tenth Guru, at least so it seems. Muslim sources generally refer to him as Gobind Rai, but documents issued by his father, Guru Tegh Bahadur, give his name as Gobind Das.
^Guru Gobind Singh in the final verse of his composition, Chaupai Sahib, refers to himself as Gobind Das.
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