Gwalior

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Gwalior
Metropolis
Clockwise from top: Gwalior Fort and the city skyline, Jai Vilas Mahal Interior, British era monument, Sasbahu Temple, Gwalior, Jai Vilas Palace, Jhansi ki Rani monument, Birla Sun Temple of Gwalior
Gwalior Show map of Madhya Pradesh Gwalior Show map of India
Coordinates: 26°12′44.64″N 78°10′37.92″E / 26.2124000°N 78.1772000°E / 26.2124000; 78.1772000[1]
Country	India
State	Madhya Pradesh
Region	Gird
District	Gwalior
Founded by	Suraj Sen
Area [1]
• Metropolis	414 km2 (160 sq mi)
Elevation	247.04 m (810.50 ft)
Population  (2011 census)[2]
• Metropolis	1,054,420
• Density	5,478/km2 (14,190/sq mi)
• Metro	1,102,884
• Population rank	49th
Language
• Official	Hindi,[3]
• Other	Marathi, Urdu
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN	474001 to 474055
Telephone code	0751
Vehicle registration	MP-07
Sex ratio	862 ♂/♀
Literacy	87.14%
Avg. summer temperature	40.5 °C (104.9 °F)
Avg. winter temperature	6.6 °C (43.9 °F)[4]
Website	gwalior.nic.in

Gwalior (Hindi: IPA: [ɡʋɑːlɪjəɾ], pronunciation^ⓘ) is a major city in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh; it lies in northern part of Madhya Pradesh and is one of the Counter-magnet cities. Located 343 kilometres (213 mi) south of Delhi, the capital city of India, 120 kilometres (75 mi) from Agra and 414 kilometres (257 mi) from Bhopal, the state capital, Gwalior occupies a strategic location in the Gird region of India. The historic city and its fortress have been ruled by several historic Indian kingdoms. From the Kachchhapaghatas in the 10th century, Tomars in the 13th century, it was passed on to the Mughal Empire, then to the Maratha in 1754, and the Scindia Dynasty of Maratha Empire in the 18th century.^[5] In April 2021, It was found that Gwalior had the best air quality index (AQI 152) amongst the 4 major cities in Madhya Pradesh.^[6]

Besides being the administrative headquarters of Gwalior district and Gwalior division, Gwalior has many administrative offices of the Chambal division of northern Madhya Pradesh. Several administrative and judicial organisations, commissions and boards have their state and national headquarters situated in the city.

Gwalior was the winter capital of the state of Madhya Bharat which later became a part of the larger state of Madhya Pradesh. Prior to Indian independence on 15 August 1947, Gwalior remained a princely state of the British Raj with the Scindia as the local rulers. High rocky hills surround the city from all sides, on the north it just forms the border of the Ganga- Yamuna Drainage Basin. The city however is situated in the valley between the hills. Gwalior's metropolitan area includes Gwalior city centre, Morar Cantonment,^[2] Lashkar Gwalior (Lashkar Subcity), Maharaj Bada, Phool Bagh, and Thatipur.^{[citation needed]}

Gwalior was one of the major locations of rebellion during the 1857 uprising. Post-independence, Gwalior has emerged as an important tourist attraction in central India while many industries and administrative offices came up within the city. Before the end of the 20th century it became a million plus agglomeration and now it is a metropolitan city in central India. Gwalior is surrounded by industrial and commercial zones of neighbouring districts (Malanpur – Bhind, Banmore – Morena) on all three main directions.

Gwalior has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under PM Narendra Modi's flagship Smart Cities Mission.^[7]