Back مبرهنة إتش Arabic H-Theorem German Théorème H French משפט H HE H-թեորեմ Armenian H定理 Japanese Teorema H Portuguese H-теорема Russian Izrek H Slovenian H-теорема. Тәртипсезлек үсеше кануны Tatar

H-theorem

In classical statistical mechanics, the H-theorem, introduced by Ludwig Boltzmann in 1872, describes the tendency to decrease in the quantity H (defined below) in a nearly-ideal gas of molecules.[1] As this quantity H was meant to represent the entropy of thermodynamics, the H-theorem was an early demonstration of the power of statistical mechanics as it claimed to derive the second law of thermodynamics—a statement about fundamentally irreversible processes—from reversible microscopic mechanics. It is thought to prove the second law of thermodynamics,[2][3][4] albeit under the assumption of low-entropy initial conditions.[5]

The H-theorem is a natural consequence of the kinetic equation derived by Boltzmann that has come to be known as Boltzmann's equation. The H-theorem has led to considerable discussion about its actual implications,[6] with major themes being:

  • What is entropy? In what sense does Boltzmann's quantity H correspond to the thermodynamic entropy?
  • Are the assumptions (especially the assumption of molecular chaos) behind Boltzmann's equation too strong? When are these assumptions violated?
  1. ^ L. Boltzmann, "Weitere Studien über das Wärmegleichgewicht unter Gasmolekülen." Sitzungsberichte Akademie der Wissenschaften 66 (1872): 275-370.
    English translation: Boltzmann, L. (2003). "Further Studies on the Thermal Equilibrium of Gas Molecules". The Kinetic Theory of Gases. History of Modern Physical Sciences. Vol. 1. pp. 262–349. Bibcode:2003HMPS....1..262B. doi:10.1142/9781848161337_0015. ISBN 978-1-86094-347-8.
  2. ^ Lesovik, G. B.; Lebedev, A. V.; Sadovskyy, I. A.; Suslov, M. V.; Vinokur, V. M. (2016-09-12). "H-theorem in quantum physics". Scientific Reports. 6: 32815. arXiv:1407.4437. Bibcode:2016NatSR...632815L. doi:10.1038/srep32815. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5018848. PMID 27616571.
  3. ^ "We May Have Found a Way to Cheat the Second Law of Thermodynamics". Popular Mechanics. 2016-10-31. Retrieved 2016-11-02.
  4. ^ Jha, Alok (2013-12-01). "What is the second law of thermodynamics?". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2016-11-02.
  5. ^ Zeh, H. D., & Page, D. N. (1990). The physical basis of the direction of time. Springer-Verlag, New York
  6. ^ Ehrenfest, Paul, & Ehrenfest, Tatiana (1959). The Conceptual Foundations of the Statistical Approach in Mechanics. New York: Dover.

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