Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha, also known as HIF-1-alpha, is a subunit of a heterodimeric transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) that is encoded by the HIF1A gene.[5][6][7] The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2019 was awarded for the discovery of HIF.
HIF1A is a basic helix-loop-helix PAS domain containing protein, and is considered as the master transcriptional regulator of cellular and developmental response to hypoxia.[8][9] The dysregulation and overexpression of HIF1A by either hypoxia or genetic alternations have been heavily implicated in cancer biology, as well as a number of other pathophysiologies, specifically in areas of vascularization and angiogenesis, energy metabolism, cell survival, and tumor invasion.[7][10] The presence of HIF1A in a hypoxic environment is required to push forward normal placental development in early gestation.[11] Two other alternative transcripts encoding different isoforms have been identified.[7]
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