HOTAIR

HOTAIR
Identifiers
Aliases	HOTAIR, HOXAS, HOXC-AS4, HOXC11-AS1, NCRNA00072, HOX transcript antisense RNA, HOTAIR long untranslated RNA, human
External IDs	OMIM: 611400; GeneCards: HOTAIR; OMA:HOTAIR - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 12 (human)
End	53,974,956 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	testicle; ; Achilles tendon; ; popliteal artery; ; tibial arteries; ; gonad; ; skin of leg; ; saphenous vein; ; right testis; ; skin of abdomen; ; sural nerve;
	n/a
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Orthologs
	100124700
	n/a
	ENSG00000228630
	n/a
	n; a
	n/a
	n/a
	n/a
	n/a
	n/a
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human

HOTAIR (for HOX transcript antisense RNA)^[3] is a human gene located between HOXC11 and HOXC12 on chromosome 12. It is the first example of an RNA expressed on one chromosome that has been found to influence the transcription of the HOXD cluster posterior genes located on chromosome 2. The sequence and function of HOTAIR are different in humans and mice.^[4] Sequence analysis of HOTAIR revealed that it exists in mammals, has poorly conserved sequences and considerably conserved structures, and has evolved faster than nearby HoxC genes.^[5] A subsequent study identified HOTAIR has 32 nucleotides long conserved noncoding element (CNE) that has a paralogous copy in HOXD cluster region (located between HOXD11 and HOXD12),^[6] suggesting that the HOTAIR conserved sequences predate whole genome duplication events at the root of vertebrate. While the conserved sequence paralogous with HOXD cluster is 32 nucleotide long, the HOTAIR sequence conserved from human to fish is about 200 nucleotide long and is marked by active enhancer features (bidirectional transcription, H3K4me1 and H3K27ac peaks).^[6]

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000228630 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Genecards entry on HOTAIR". Retrieved 20 July 2010.
^ Schorderet P, Duboule D (May 2011). "Structural and functional differences in the long non-coding RNA hotair in mouse and human". PLOS Genetics. 7 (5): e1002071. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002071. PMC 3102750. PMID 21637793.
^ He S, Liu S, Zhu H (April 2011). "The sequence, structure and evolutionary features of HOTAIR in mammals". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 11 (1): 102. Bibcode:2011BMCEE..11..102H. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-102. PMC 3103462. PMID 21496275.
^ ^a ^b Nepal C, Taranta A, Hadzhiev Y, Pundhir S, Mydel P, Lenhard B, et al. (April 2020). "Ancestrally Duplicated Conserved Noncoding Element Suggests Dual Regulatory Roles of HOTAIR in cis and trans". iScience. 23 (4): 101008. Bibcode:2020iSci...23j1008N. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2020.101008. PMC 7139118. PMID 32268280.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000228630 – Ensembl, May 2017

[2] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[3] "Genecards entry on HOTAIR". Retrieved 20 July 2010.

[4] Schorderet P, Duboule D (May 2011). "Structural and functional differences in the long non-coding RNA hotair in mouse and human". PLOS Genetics. 7 (5): e1002071. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002071. PMC 3102750. PMID 21637793.

[5] He S, Liu S, Zhu H (April 2011). "The sequence, structure and evolutionary features of HOTAIR in mammals". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 11 (1): 102. Bibcode:2011BMCEE..11..102H. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-102. PMC 3103462. PMID 21496275.

[Nepal_2020-6] Nepal C, Taranta A, Hadzhiev Y, Pundhir S, Mydel P, Lenhard B, et al. (April 2020). "Ancestrally Duplicated Conserved Noncoding Element Suggests Dual Regulatory Roles of HOTAIR in cis and trans". iScience. 23 (4): 101008. Bibcode:2020iSci...23j1008N. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2020.101008. PMC 7139118. PMID 32268280.

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