Halofantrine

Halofantrine
Clinical data
Trade names	Halfan
AHFS/Drugs.com	Consumer Drug Information
MedlinePlus	a603030
Routes of; administration	Oral
ATC code	P01BX01 (WHO) ;
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding	60–70%
Metabolism	Hepatic (CYP3A4-mediated)
Elimination half-life	6–10 days
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 3-(Dibutylamino)-1-[1,3-dichloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)-9-phenanthryl]-1-propanol;
CAS Number	69756-53-2 ;
PubChem CID	37393;
DrugBank	DB01218 ;
ChemSpider	34303 ;
UNII	Q2OS4303HZ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1107 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID0023119 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.067.346
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C26H30Cl2F3NO
Molar mass	500.43 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES FC(F)(F)c3ccc2c(cc1c(Cl)cc(Cl)cc1c2c3)C(O)CCN(CCCC)CCCC;
	InChI InChI=1S/C26H30Cl2F3NO/c1-3-5-10-32(11-6-4-2)12-9-25(33)23-16-22-21(14-18(27)15-24(22)28)20-13-17(26(29,30)31)7-8-19(20)23/h7-8,13-16,25,33H,3-6,9-12H2,1-2H3 ; Key:FOHHNHSLJDZUGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	(verify)

Halofantrine is a drug used to treat malaria. Halofantrine's structure contains a substituted phenanthrene, and is related to the antimalarial drugs quinine and lumefantrine. Marketed as Halfan, halofantrine is never used to prevent malaria and its mode of action is unknown, although a crystallographic study showed that it binds to hematin in vitro, suggesting a possible mechanism of action.^[1] Halofantrine has also been shown to bind to plasmepsin, a haemoglobin degrading enzyme unique to the malarial parasites.^[2]

Halofantrine was developed at SRI International for the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research from 1965 to 1975 by a team led by medicinal chemist William Colwell.^[3]

^ de Villiers KA, Marques HM, Egan TJ (2008). "The crystal structure of halofantrine-ferriprotoporphyrin IX and the mechanism of action of arylmethanol antimalarials". J. Inorg. Biochem. 102 (8): 1660–7. doi:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2008.04.001. PMID 18508124.
^ Friedman R, Caflisch A (2009). "Discovery of plasmepsin inhibitors by fragment-based docking and consensus scoring" (PDF). ChemMedChem. 4 (8): 1317–26. doi:10.1002/cmdc.200900078. PMID 19472268. S2CID 14642593. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-08-07. Retrieved 2019-04-08.
^ Nielson D (2006). A Heritage of Innovation: SRI's First Half Century. Menlo Park, California: SRI International. pp. 10-3–10-5. ISBN 978-0974520810.

[pmid18508124-1] Villiers KA, Marques HM, Egan TJ (2008). "The crystal structure of halofantrine-ferriprotoporphyrin IX and the mechanism of action of arylmethanol antimalarials". J. Inorg. Biochem. 102 (8): 1660–7. doi:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2008.04.001. PMID 18508124.

[pmid19472268-2] Friedman R, Caflisch A (2009). "Discovery of plasmepsin inhibitors by fragment-based docking and consensus scoring" (PDF). ChemMedChem. 4 (8): 1317–26. doi:10.1002/cmdc.200900078. PMID 19472268. S2CID 14642593. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-08-07. Retrieved 2019-04-08.

[3] Nielson D (2006). A Heritage of Innovation: SRI's First Half Century. Menlo Park, California: SRI International. pp. 10-3–10-5. ISBN 978-0974520810.

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