Hanoi
Hà Nội | |
---|---|
City of Hanoi Thành phố Hà Nội | |
Hanoi's skyline with Nhật Tân Bridge Pilgrimage boat toward Hương Temple | |
Nicknames: | |
Motto: Dis lecta fortitudine prospera (historical) | |
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Coordinates: 21°00′N 105°51′E / 21.00°N 105.85°E | |
Country | ![]() |
Region | Red River Delta |
Founded | 257 BC |
Founded by | An Dương Vương |
Seat | Hoàn Kiếm |
Subdivision | 12 urban districts, 17 rural districts, one district-level town |
Government | |
• Type | Municipality |
• Body | Hanoi People's Council |
• Secretary of the Party Committee | Vacant |
• Chairman of People's Council | Nguyễn Ngọc Tuấn |
• Chairman of People's Committee | Trần Sỹ Thanh |
Area | |
• Capital city and municipality | 3,359.84 km2 (1,297.24 sq mi) |
• Urban | 319.56 km2 (123.38 sq mi) |
• Metro | 24,314.7 km2 (9,388.0 sq mi) |
Highest elevation | 1,296 m (4,252 ft) |
Population (2023)[8] | |
• Capital city and municipality | 8,587,100 |
• Rank | 2nd |
• Density | 2,600/km2 (6,600/sq mi) |
• Urban | 4,238,500 |
• Urban density | 13,000/km2 (34,000/sq mi) |
• Rural | 4,348,600 |
• Metro | 20,000,000 |
• Metro density | 820/km2 (2,100/sq mi) |
Demonym | Hanoian |
Ethnic groups | |
• Vietnamese[12] | 98.66% |
• Mường | 0.77% |
• Tày | 0.24% |
• Thái | 0.09% |
• Nùng | 0.08% |
• Others | 0.16% |
GRDP (Nominal) | |
• Capital city and municipality | US$ 51.4 billion (2022)[13] |
• Metro | US$ 103.1 billion (2022) |
Time zone | UTC+07:00 (ICT) |
Postal code | 10xxx–14xxx |
Area codes | 24 |
ISO 3166 code | VN-HN |
License plate | 29 – 33, 40 |
HDI (2020) | 0.799 (1st)[14] |
Climate | Cwa |
International airports | Nội Bài International Airport |
Largest district by area | Ba Vì District (421.80 km2)[15] |
Largest district by population | Hoàng Mai District (540,732)[16] |
Website | hanoi.gov.vn |
Hanoi[a] (Vietnamese: Hà Nội ) is the capital and second-most populous city of Vietnam. The name "Hanoi" translates to "inside the river,"[17] – Hanoi borders the Red and Black Rivers. As a municipality, Hanoi consists of 12 urban districts, 17 rural districts, and one district-level town. The city encompasses an area of 3,359.84 km2 (1,297.24 sq mi)[3] and as of 2023, a population of 8,587,100.[8] Hanoi had the second-highest gross regional domestic product of all Vietnamese provinces and municipalities at 51.4 billion USD in 2022,[13] behind Ho Chi Minh City.[18]
In the third century BCE, the Cổ Loa Capital Citadel of Âu Lạc was constructed in what is now Hanoi. Âu Lạc then fell under Chinese rule for around a thousand years. In 1010, Vietnamese emperor Lý Thái Tổ established the capital of the imperial Vietnamese nation Đại Việt in modern-day central Hanoi, naming the city Thăng Long (literally 'Ascending Dragon'). In 1428, king Lê Lợi renamed the city to Đông Kinh (東京), and remained being so until 1789. The Nguyễn dynasty in 1802 moved the national capital to Huế and the city was renamed Hanoi in 1831. It served as the capital of French Indochina from 1902 to 1945. After the August Revolution, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam designated Hanoi as the capital of the newly independent country. In 2008, Hà Tây Province and two other rural districts were annexed into Hanoi, almost tripling Hanoi's area.
Hanoi is the cultural, economic and education center of Northern Vietnam. As the country's capital, it hosts 78 foreign embassies, the headquarter of People's Army of Vietnam, its own Vietnam National University system, and many other governmental organisations. Hanoi is also a major tourist destination, with 18.7 million domestic and international visitors in 2022.[19] The city hosts the Imperial Citadel of Thăng Long, Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum, Hoàn Kiếm Lake, West Lake, and Ba Vì National Park near the outskirts of the municipality. Hanoi's urban area has a wide range of architectural styles, including French colonial architecture, brutalist apartments typical of socialist nations and disorganized alleys–tube houses stemming from the city's rapid growth in the 20th century.
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