Hawker Tempest

Tempest
A Tempest V, NV696, during a test flight, November 1944
Role	Fighter aircraft Type of aircraft
National origin	United Kingdom
Manufacturer	Hawker Aircraft
First flight	2 September 1942
Introduction	January 1944
Retired	1953
Primary users	Royal Air Force Indian Air Force Royal New Zealand Air Force Pakistan Air Force
Number built	1,702[1]
Developed from	Hawker Typhoon
Developed into	Hawker Sea Fury

The Hawker Tempest is a British fighter aircraft that was primarily used by the Royal Air Force (RAF) in the Second World War. The Tempest, originally known as the Typhoon II, was an improved derivative of the Hawker Typhoon, intended to address the Typhoon's unexpected deterioration in performance at high altitude by replacing its wing with a thinner laminar flow design. Since it had diverged considerably from the Typhoon, it was renamed Tempest. The Tempest emerged as one of the most powerful fighters of World War II and at low altitude was the fastest single-engine propeller-driven aircraft of the war.^[2]

Upon entering service in 1944, the Tempest performed low-level interception, particularly against the V-1 flying bomb threat, and ground attack supporting major invasions like Operation Market Garden. Later, it successfully targeted the rail infrastructure in Germany and Luftwaffe aircraft on the ground, as well as countering similar attacks by German fighters. The Tempest was effective in the low-level interception role, including against newly developed jet-propelled aircraft like the Messerschmitt Me 262.

The further-developed Tempest II did not enter service until after the end of hostilities. It had several improvements, including being tropicalised for combat against Japan in South-East Asia as part of the Commonwealth Tiger Force.