Pakistan is the fifth most populous country in the world with population approaching 225 million.[1] It is a developing country struggling in many domains due to which the health system has suffered a lot. As a result of that, Pakistan is ranked 122nd out of 190 countries in the World Health Organization performance report.[2]
Life expectancy in Pakistan increased from 61.1 years in 1990 to 65.9 in 2019 and is currently 67.94 in 2024 .[3] Pakistan ranked 124th among 195 countries in terms of Healthcare Access and Quality index, according to a Lancet study.[3] Although Pakistan has seen improvement in healthcare access and quality since 1990, with its HAQ index increasing from 26.8 in 1990 to 37.6 in 2016.[4] It still stands at 164th out of 188 countries in terms of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and chance to achieve them by 2030.[3]
According to latest statistics, Pakistan spends 2.95% of its GDP on health (2020).[5] Pakistan per capita income (PPP current international $,) is 6.437.2 in 2022[6] and the current health expenditure per capita (current US$) is 38.18.[7] The total adult literacy rate in Pakistan is 58% (2019)[7] and primary school enrollment is 68%(2018).[7] The gender inequality in Pakistan was 0.534 in 2021 and ranks the country 135 out of 170 countries in 2021.[8] The proportion of population which has access to improved drinking water and sanitation is 91% (2015) and 64% (15) respectively.[9]
The Human Rights Measurement Initiative[10] finds that Pakistan is fulfilling 69.2% of what it should be fulfilling for the right to health based on its level of income.[11] When looking at the right to health with respect to children, Pakistan achieves 82.9% of what is expected based on its current income.[11] In regards to the right to health amongst the adult population, the country achieves 90.4% of what is expected based on the nation's level of income.[11] Pakistan falls into the "very bad" category when evaluating the right to reproductive health because the nation is fulfilling only 34.4% of what the nation is expected to achieve based on the resources (income) it has available.[11]
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