Hematochezia

Hematochezia
Other names	Haematochezia
Specialty	Gastroenterology
Symptoms	Bright blood in stool
Causes	Hemorrhoid, gastritis, gastrointestinal bleeding, stomach cancer

Hematochezia is a form of blood in stool, in which fresh blood passes through the anus while defecating. It differs from melena, which commonly refers to blood in stool originating from upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB).^[1] The term derives from Greek αἷμα ("blood") and χέζειν ("to defaecate"). Hematochezia is commonly associated with lower gastrointestinal bleeding, but may also occur from a brisk upper gastrointestinal bleed. The difference between hematochezia and rectorrhagia is that rectal bleeding is not associated with defecation; instead, it is associated with expulsion of fresh bright red blood without stools.^[2] The phrase bright red blood per rectum is associated with hematochezia and rectorrhagia.