Henry VI of England

Henry VI
Miniature in the Talbot Shrewsbury Book, 1444–1445
King of England (more...)
1st reign	1 September 1422 – 4 March 1461
2nd reign	3 October 1470 – 11 April 1471
Coronation	6 November 1429 Westminster Abbey
Predecessor	Henry V
Successor	Edward IV
Regent	See list Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester (1422–1429) Richard, Duke of York (1454–1455, 1455–1456, 1460)
King of France (disputed)
Reign	21 October 1422 – 19 October 1453
Coronation	16 December 1431 Notre-Dame de Paris
Predecessor	Charles VI
Successor	Charles VII
Regent	John, Duke of Bedford (1422–1435)
Contender	Charles VII
Born	6 December 1421 Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England
Died	21 May 1471(1471-05-21) (aged 49) Tower of London, London, England
Burial	1471 Chertsey Abbey, Surrey, England; 12 August 1484 St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, England
Spouse	Margaret of Anjou ​ (m. 1445)​
Issue	Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales
House	Lancaster
Father	Henry V of England
Mother	Catherine of Valois
Signature

Henry VI (6 December 1421 – 21 May 1471) was King of England from 1422 to 1461 and 1470 to 1471,^[1] and disputed King of France from 1422 to 1453. The only child of Henry V, he succeeded to the English throne upon his father's death at the age of eight months, and to the French throne on the death of his maternal grandfather, Charles VI, shortly afterwards.

Henry was born during the Hundred Years' War (1337–1453), he is the only English monarch to have been crowned King of France, following his coronation at Notre-Dame de Paris in 1431 as Henry II. His early reign, when England was ruled by a regency government, saw the pinnacle of English power in France. However, setbacks followed once he assumed full control in 1437. The young king faced military reversals in France, as well as political and financial crises in England, where divisions among the nobility in his government began to widen. His reign saw the near total loss of English lands in France.

In contrast to his father, Henry VI was described as timid, passive, benevolent and averse to warfare and violence. In 1445, Henry married Charles VII's niece Margaret of Anjou in the hope of achieving peace. However, the peace policy failed and war recommenced. By 1453, Calais was the only English-governed territory on the continent. Henry's domestic popularity declined in the 1440s, and political unrest in England grew as a result. Because of military defeats and political crises, Henry suffered a mental breakdown in 1453, triggering a power struggle between the royal family: Richard, 3rd Duke of York, Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset and Queen Margaret. Civil war broke out in 1455, leading to a long period of dynastic conflict known as the Wars of the Roses (1455–87).

Henry was deposed in March 1461 by York's eldest son, who took the throne as Edward IV, Henry was captured by Edward's forces in 1465 and imprisoned in the Tower of London. Henry was restored to the throne by Richard Neville ("Warwick the Kingmaker") in 1470. However in 1471, Edward retook power, killing Henry's only son, Edward of Westminster, and imprisoning Henry once again. Henry died in the Tower in May 1471, possibly killed on the orders of King Edward. He was buried at Chertsey Abbey and moved to Windsor Castle in 1484. He left a legacy of educational institutions, having founded Eton College, King's College, Cambridge, and All Souls College, Oxford. Shakespeare wrote a trilogy of plays about his life, depicting him as weak-willed and easily influenced by his wife.