Hijrah

The Hijrah (Arabic: الهجرة hijra, originally 'a severing of ties of kinship or association'^[1]^[2]), also Hegira (from Medieval Latin), was the journey the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers took from Mecca to Medina.^[3]^[4] The year in which the Hijrah took place is also identified as the epoch of the Lunar Hijri^[a] and Solar Hijri calendars; its date equates to 16 July 622 in the Julian calendar.^[5]^[6]^[b]

Early in Muhammad's preaching of Islam, his followers only included his close friends and relatives. Most of his tribesmen, the Quraysh, however, were indifferent to his activities, as they did not appear to be particularly interested in devotional meetings, and accordingly, Muhammad did not encounter any serious opposition from them; that was the case until he began to attack their beliefs, which caused tensions to arise.^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]

In May 622, after having convened twice with members of the Medinan tribes of Aws and Khazraj at al-'Aqabah near Mina, Muhammad secretly left his home in Mecca to emigrate to their city, along with his friend, father-in-law and companion Abu Bakr.^[13]

^ Cite error: The named reference Schacht was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference Holt was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Shaikh, Fazlur Rehman (2001). Chronology of Prophetic Events. London: Ta-Ha Publishers Ltd. pp. 51–52.
^ Marom, Roy (Fall 2017). "Approaches to the Research of Early Islam: The Hijrah in Western Historiography". Jamma'a. 23: vii.
^ Burnaby, Sherrard Beaumont (1901). Elements of the Jewish and Muhammadan calendars. pp. 373–5, 382–4.
^ Dershowitz, Nachum; Reingold, Edward (2018). "Table 1.2 Epochs for various calendars". Calendrical Calculations (Third ed.). O'Reilly. p. 17. ISBN 9781108546935. OCLC 1137352777.
^ al-Biruni, The chronology of ancient nations, tr. C. Edward Sachau (1000/1879) 327.
^ "NASA phases of the moon 601–700". Archived from the original on 8 October 2010.
^ Buhl & Welch 1993, p. 364.
^ Lewis 2002, p. 35–36.
^ Muranyi 1998, p. 102.
^ Gordon 2005, p. 120-121.
^ Moojan Momen (1985), An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi'ism, Yale University Press, New edition 1987, p. 5.

Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

[Schacht-1] Cite error: The named reference Schacht was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Holt-2] Cite error: The named reference Holt was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[FazlurRehman51-3] Shaikh, Fazlur Rehman (2001). Chronology of Prophetic Events. London: Ta-Ha Publishers Ltd. pp. 51–52.

[4] Marom, Roy (Fall 2017). "Approaches to the Research of Early Islam: The Hijrah in Western Historiography". Jamma'a. 23: vii.

[6] Burnaby, Sherrard Beaumont (1901). Elements of the Jewish and Muhammadan calendars. pp. 373–5, 382–4.

[7] Dershowitz, Nachum; Reingold, Edward (2018). "Table 1.2 Epochs for various calendars". Calendrical Calculations (Third ed.). O'Reilly. p. 17. ISBN 9781108546935. OCLC 1137352777.

[8] -Biruni, The chronology of ancient nations, tr. C. Edward Sachau (1000/1879) 327.

[9] "NASA phases of the moon 601–700". Archived from the original on 8 October 2010.

[FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993364-11] Buhl & Welch 1993, p. 364.

[FOOTNOTELewis200235–36-12] Lewis 2002, p. 35–36.

[FOOTNOTEMuranyi1998102-13] Muranyi 1998, p. 102.

[FOOTNOTEGordon2005120-121-14] Gordon 2005, p. 120-121.

[15] Moojan Momen (1985), An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi'ism, Yale University Press, New edition 1987, p. 5.

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