Hindustani kinship terms

The kinship terms of Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu) differ from the English system in certain respects.^[1] In the Hindustani system, kin terms are based on gender,^[2] and the difference between some terms is the degree of respect.^[3] Moreover, "In Hindi and Urdu kinship terms there is clear distinction between the blood relations and affinal relations."^[4]

^ Shapiro, Michael C.; Schiffman, Harold F. (1981). Language and Society in South Asia. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. p. 229. ISBN 9788120826076. Southworth and Dawsanigo on in their discussion of theoretical properties of kinship systems to show that while the English kinship system differs from both the Hindi-Urdu system and the Tamil one, the latter two systems also differ from each other.
^ Southworth, Franklin C.; Daswani, Chander J. (1974). Foundations of linguistics. Free Press. p. 190. ISBN 9780029303009. In this case, EGO can be of either sex (though in some kinship systems, such as that of Hindi-Urdu, the sex of EGO affects the choice of terms for certain relatives).
^ Hansen, Gyde; Malmkjær, Kirsten; Gile, Daniel (1 January 2004). Claims, Changes and Challenges in Translation Studies: Selected Contributions from the EST Congress, Copenhagen 2001. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 276. ISBN 9789027216564. Kinship terms are also used for respect (e.g. 'older sister' for a woman one's own age or slightly older and the ubiquitous 'auntie' or 'uncle' in both Hindi/Urdu and English, especially but not exclusively used by children).
^ Trivedi, Govind Mohan (1983). Socio-linguistic study in an Andhra village. Anthropological Survey of India, Govt. of India. p. 89.

[1] Shapiro, Michael C.; Schiffman, Harold F. (1981). Language and Society in South Asia. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. p. 229. ISBN 9788120826076. Southworth and Dawsanigo on in their discussion of theoretical properties of kinship systems to show that while the English kinship system differs from both the Hindi-Urdu system and the Tamil one, the latter two systems also differ from each other.

[SouthworthDaswani1974-2] Southworth, Franklin C.; Daswani, Chander J. (1974). Foundations of linguistics. Free Press. p. 190. ISBN 9780029303009. In this case, EGO can be of either sex (though in some kinship systems, such as that of Hindi-Urdu, the sex of EGO affects the choice of terms for certain relatives).

[HansenMalmkjær2004-3] Hansen, Gyde; Malmkjær, Kirsten; Gile, Daniel (1 January 2004). Claims, Changes and Challenges in Translation Studies: Selected Contributions from the EST Congress, Copenhagen 2001. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 276. ISBN 9789027216564. Kinship terms are also used for respect (e.g. 'older sister' for a woman one's own age or slightly older and the ubiquitous 'auntie' or 'uncle' in both Hindi/Urdu and English, especially but not exclusively used by children).

[Trivedi1983-4] Trivedi, Govind Mohan (1983). Socio-linguistic study in an Andhra village. Anthropological Survey of India, Govt. of India. p. 89.

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