Hispania | |||||||||||||
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218 BC–472 | |||||||||||||
![]() Timeline of the Roman conquest of Hispania (220 BC–19 BC), with Roman provincial boundaries shown | |||||||||||||
Capital | 40°13′N 4°21′W / 40.21°N 4.35°W | ||||||||||||
Common languages | Latin, various Paleohispanic languages | ||||||||||||
Religion | Traditional indigenous and Roman religion, followed by Christianity | ||||||||||||
Government | Autocracy | ||||||||||||
Emperor | |||||||||||||
• AD 98 – AD 117 | Trajan | ||||||||||||
• AD 117 – AD 138 | Hadrian | ||||||||||||
• AD 379 – AD 395 | Theodosius I | ||||||||||||
Legislature | Roman Senate | ||||||||||||
Historical era | Classical antiquity | ||||||||||||
• Established | 218 BC | ||||||||||||
• Disestablished | 472 | ||||||||||||
Population | |||||||||||||
• | 5,000,000 or more | ||||||||||||
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Hispania (Ancient Greek: Ἱσπανία, romanized: Hispanía; Latin: Hispānia [hɪsˈpaːnia]) was the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula. Under the Roman Republic, Hispania was divided into two provinces: Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior. During the Principate, Hispania Ulterior was divided into two new provinces, Baetica and Lusitania, while Hispania Citerior was renamed Hispania Tarraconensis. Subsequently, the western part of Tarraconensis was split off, initially as Hispania Nova, which was later renamed "Callaecia" (or Gallaecia, whence modern Galicia). From Diocletian's Tetrarchy (AD 293) onwards, the south of the remainder of Tarraconensis was again split off as Carthaginensis, and all of the mainland Hispanic provinces, along with the Balearic Islands and the North African province of Mauretania Tingitana, were later grouped into a civil diocese headed by a vicarius. The name Hispania was also used in the period of Visigothic rule.
The modern place names of Spain and Hispaniola are both derived from Hispania which derives from the Hebrew phrase Ei Shaphan (Hebrew: אִי שָׁפָן, romanized: ʾī šāfān, lit. 'Island of the Rabbit').
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