Hoop crown

A hoop crown (German: Bügelkrone or Spangenkrone,^[2] Latin: faislum),^[3] arched crown, or closed crown, is a crown consisting of a "band around the temples and one or two bands over the head".^[4] First used by the Carolingian dynasty,^[5] hoop crowns became increasingly popular among royal dynasties in the Late Middle Ages,^[6] and the dominant type of crown in the Modern Era.^[7]

^ Schulz (2010)
^ Hartmann online, entries "Spangenkrone, Bügelkrone"
^ Lohrmann (1973), p. 764
^ Kornbluth (1990), p. 61
^ Schramm (1956), p. 888
^ Schramm (1959), p. 562
^ Schramm (1959), p. 561

[1] Schulz (2010)

[Hartmannonline-2] Hartmann online, entries "Spangenkrone, Bügelkrone"

[Lohrmann764-3] Lohrmann (1973), p. 764

[Kornbluth61-4] Kornbluth (1990), p. 61

[Schramm888-5] Schramm (1956), p. 888

[Schramm562-6] Schramm (1959), p. 562

[Schramm561-7] Schramm (1959), p. 561

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