Human-to-human transmission (HHT) is an epidemiologic vector,[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] especially in case the disease is borne by individuals known as superspreaders. In these cases, the basic reproduction number of the virus, which is the average number of additional people that a single case will infect without any preventative measures, can be as high as 203.9.[9][10] Interhuman transmission is a synonym for HHT.[11]
The World Health Organization designation of a pandemic hinges on the demonstrable fact that there is sustained HHT in two regions of the world.[12]
- ^ Chowell G, Blumberg S, Simonsen L, Miller MA, Viboud C (2014). "Synthesizing data and models for the spread of MERS-CoV, 2013: Key role of index cases and hospital transmission". Epidemics. 9: 40–51. doi:10.1016/j.epidem.2014.09.011. PMC 4258236. PMID 25480133.
- ^ Virlogeux V, Feng L, Tsang TK, Jiang H, Fang VJ, Qin Y, Wu P, Wang X, Zheng J, Lau EH, Peng Z, Yang J, Cowling BJ, Yu H (2018). "Evaluation of animal-to-human and human-to-human transmission of influenza A (H7N9) virus in China, 2013–15". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 552. Bibcode:2018NatSR...8..552V. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-17335-9. PMC 5765021. PMID 29323268.
- ^ Majumder MS, Brownstein JS, Finkelstein SN, Larson RC, Bourouiba L (2017). "Nosocomial amplification of MERS-coronavirus in South Korea, 2015". Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 111 (6): 261–269. doi:10.1093/trstmh/trx046. PMC 6257029. PMID 29044371.
- ^ De Graaf M, Beck R, Caccio SM, Duim B, Fraaij PL, Le Guyader FS, Lecuit M, Le Pendu J, De Wit E, Schultsz C (2017). "Sustained fecal-oral human-to-human transmission following a zoonotic event". Current Opinion in Virology. 22: 1–6. doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2016.11.001. PMC 7102779. PMID 27888698.
- ^ Geoghegan JL, Senior AM, Di Giallonardo F, Holmes EC (2016). "Virological factors that increase the transmissibility of emerging human viruses". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (15): 4170–4175. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113.4170G. doi:10.1073/pnas.1521582113. PMC 4839412. PMID 27001840.
- ^ Kucharski A, Mills H, Pinsent A, Fraser C, Van Kerkhove M, Donnelly CA, Riley S (2014). "Distinguishing Between Reservoir Exposure and Human-to-Human Transmission for Emerging Pathogens Using Case Onset Data". PLOS Currents. 6. doi:10.1371/currents.outbreaks.e1473d9bfc99d080ca242139a06c455f (inactive 2024-04-02). PMC 3946006. PMID 24619563.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 (link) - ^ Herfst S, Böhringer M, Karo B, Lawrence P, Lewis NS, Mina MJ, Russell CJ, Steel J, De Swart RL, Menge C (2017). "Drivers of airborne human-to-human pathogen transmission". Current Opinion in Virology. 22: 22–29. doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2016.11.006. PMC 7102691. PMID 27918958.
- ^ Riou J, Althaus CL (2020). "Pattern of early human-to-human transmission of Wuhan 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), December 2019 to January 2020". Eurosurveillance. 25 (4). doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.4.2000058. PMC 7001239. PMID 32019669.
- ^ Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, Wang X, Zhou L, Tong Y, et al. (January 2020). "Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia". The New England Journal of Medicine. 382 (13): 1199–1207. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2001316. PMC 7121484. PMID 31995857.
- ^ Riou J, Althaus CL (January 2020). "Pattern of early human-to-human transmission of Wuhan 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), December 2019 to January 2020". Euro Surveillance. 25 (4). doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.4.2000058. PMC 7001239. PMID 32019669.
- ^ Meyer A, Esposito JJ, Gras F, Kolakowski T, Fatras M, Muller G (1991). "First appearance of monkey pox in human beings in Gabon". Médecine Tropicale: Revue du Corps de Santé Colonial. 51 (1): 53–7. PMID 1649373.
- ^ Friscolanti M (4 June 2009). "Canada's Pandemic Influenza Plan". Canadian Encyclopedia.
© MMXXIII Rich X Search. We shall prevail. All rights reserved. Rich X Search